Table 3.

Indicators used to analyse lobbying activity

Indicator	Description
Registration	Count of registered lobby firms or lobbyists (often used to measure the density of lobbying populations or as a proxy for activity)
Expenditure	Amount of money spent on lobbying (e.g., firm or client expenditure, distinct from political contributions)
Meetings	Face-to-face meetings with public servants (e.g., elected officials, staff, bureaucrats); requests for meetings; reports of government branch(es), agency(s) or department(s) contacted; informal meetings
Comments	Text of written letters, submissions, comments, responses to consultations, etc
Bills	Number of bills lobbied; number of groups that lobby a bill
Committees	Participation in committee hearings/consultations; committee membership; Congressional testimony