Table 1.

List of commercially available PCR-based assays for detection of fungi

Commercial PCR and manufacturer	Target species detected	Assay method	Target and specimen used	Assay time	References
Magicplex Sepsis Real eTime Test (Seegne)	- Aspergillus fumigatus	Multiplex real time PCR	Unknow; Whole blood	6 h (including DNA extraction)	Camp et al. [142]
A. fumigatus Bio-Evolution (Bio-Evolution)	- Aspergillus fumigatus	Real time PCR	ITS1 region; BAL	< 80 min after DNA extraction	Denis et al. [143]
MycAssay Aspergillus (Myconostica)	Eighteen Aspergillus species - Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus terreus - Aspergillus niger	Real-time PCR	18S rDNA; BAL and Serum	4 h	Guniea et al. [144]
AsperGenius® (PathoNostics)	- Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus terreus	Multiplex real-time PCR	28 S rRNA; BAL, Serum, Plasma, Biopsy tissue	< 3 h	Chong et al. [145]
Aspergillus spp. ELITe MGB® Kit (ELITechGroup)	- Aspergillus niger - Aspergillus nidulans - Aspergilus terreus - Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus versicolor - Aspergillus glaucus	Quantitative real-time PCR	18S rDNA; Bronchial secretions, BAL	Not available (NA)	Grancini et al. [146]
MycoReal Aspergillus (Ingenetix)	- Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus nidulans - Aspergillus niger - Aspergillus terreus	Real-time PCR	ITS2 region; BAL, Blood, CSF, Tissue	NA	Zeller et al. [147]; Kidd et al. [148]
MycoGENIE® Aspergillus Species	Aspergillus spp. including: A. fumigatus	Quadruplex real-time PCR	28 S rRNA; BAL, serum Biopsy	NA	Dannaoui et al. [149]
Magicplex Sepsis Real eTime Test (Seegne)	-Aspergillus fumigatus - Candida albicans - Candida glabrata - Candida Krusei - Candida parapsilosis - Candida tropicalis	Multiplex real-time PCR	Unknown; Whole blood	6 h	Zboromyrska et al. [150]
FungiPlex Candida (Bruker Daltonics)	Candida albicans - Candida parapsilosis - Candida dubliniensis - Candida tropicalis - Candida glabrata - Candida krusei	Multiplex real-time PCR	Unknown; Whole blood, serum, plasma	< 2 h (after DNA extraction)	Fuchs et al. 2019 [151]
FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel	C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis	Multiplex real-time PCR assay	Unknown; whole blood	1 h	Salimnia et al. [152]
SeptiFast LightCycler (Roche)	-Candida albicans - Candida tropicalis - Candida parapsilosis - Candida Krusei - Candida glabrata - Aspergillus fumigatus	Multiplex Real-time PCR (DNA melt curve analysis)	ITS region; Whole blood	6–7 h	Steinmann et al. [153]
CandID® and AurisID® (OlmDiagnostics	CandID: - Candida albicans - Candida dubliniensis - Candida glabrata - Candida krusei - Candida parapsilosis - Candida tropicalis AurisID: - Candida auris	Multiplex real-time PCR	Unknown; Plasma (CandID) and Blood (AurisID)	45 min (after DNA extraction)	Camp et al. [142]
T2 Candida	C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata	PCR along with Magnetic resonance	Unknown; Whole blood	< 5 h	Clancy and Nguyen [100]
PneumoGenius (PathoNostics)	Pneumocystis jiorovecii	Real-time PCR	Mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit (rLSU) & dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations; BAL	< 3 h	Prattes et al. [154]
AmpliSens Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)-FRT (AmpliSens)	Pneumocystis jiorovecii	Real-time PCR	Mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal(rLSU) RNA gene; BAL, bronchial aspiration, biopsy	130 min (after DNA extraction)	Huh et al. [155]
Pneumocystis jiorovecii Bio-Evolution (Bio- Evolution)	Pneumocystis jiorovecii	Real-time PCR	Unknown; Bal and Bronchial aspirations	< 80 min	Huh et al. [155]
MucorGenius® (PathoNostics)	-Rhizopus spp. - Mucor spp. - Lichtheimia spp. - Cunninghamella spp. - Rhizomucor spp.	Real-time PCR	Unknown; BAL, tissue biopsy, serum	< 3 h	Guegan et al. [120]
FungiXpert® PCR (Genobio)	Crytptococcus neoformans	Real-time PCR	Unknown; BAL	2 h	Liu et al. [86]