. 2023 Jun 16;19:17455057231179061. doi: 10.1177/17455057231179061

Table 3.

Summary of papers reporting the prevalence of UI within specific clinical populations (n = 3).

First author and publication year	Sample size	Clinical population studied	Mean age	Study aim	Summary of findings in relation to the research questions
First author and publication year	Sample size	Clinical population studied	Mean age	Study aim	Prevalence and incidence of UI	Health conditions and health-related factors associated with UI
Aly et al.¹⁸	130	Frail female patients above 60 years of age	70.7 (SD 8.3)	Investigated the relationship between frailty and UI in women above 60 years of age	80% experienced UI	Relationship between frailty and UI (χ² = 15.511, p < 0.001) and severity of UI (χ² = 50.763, p < 0.001). Participants with UI were older (τ = 4.966, p < 0.001) and had a higher degree of functional impairment (χ² = 8.371, p = 0.015). Relationships between osteoarthritis, stroke, and vaginal prolapse and UI were claimed, but the strength and significance were not reported.
Truszczyńska-Baszak et al.²⁰	80	Female patients with LSS	55.1 (SD 12.5)	Assessed the prevalence of UI in female patients with LSS	56% LSS and 43% of clinical control experienced UI	Total ICIQ-UI-SF score: LSS = 4.8 ± 1.4 versus Controls = 2.9 ± 0.8 (p = 0.089). Correlations observed between: ICIQ-UI-SF and ICIQ-LUTSqol (τ = 0.719; p < 0.001) and number of vaginal childbirths and ICIQ-UI-SF (τ = 0.271; p = 0.010)
Long et al.²²	108	Female psychiatric patients	35.6 (SD 15.6)	Audit of the nature, incidence, and management of incontinence in a secure psychiatric facility for women	45% experienced UI 2% experienced both UI and FI	Stress, urge, and nocturnal UI associated with: smoking (nocturnal UI χ² = 14.22, p < 0.01; stress, χ² = 13.73, p < 0.05; urge, χ² = 12.06, p < 0.05), childbirth (nocturnal UI, χ² = 13.11, p < 0.01; stress, χ² = 12.73, p < 0.01; urge, χ² = 11.13, p < 0.05), and clozapine (nocturnal: χ² = 13.7, p < 0.01, stress: χ² = 14.27, p < 0.01, and urge: χ² = 12.76, p < 0.01). Urge and nocturnal UI associated with obesity (Urge: χ² = 11.73, p < 0.05; nocturnal UI: χ² = 11.18, p < 0.01). Nocturnal UI associated with: diabetes (χ² = 13.11, p < 0.01), epilepsy (χ² = 13.73, p < 0.01), cardiovascular accident (χ² = 14.03, p < 0.01), asthma (χ² = 13.72, p < 0.01), hypertension (χ² = 13.01, p < 0.01), neurological conditions (χ² = 12.75, p < 0.01), and dementia or cognitive impairment (χ² = 13.14, p < 0.01)