Table 1. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA results of the five physiologic markers for adults and pediatric patients.
| Physiological marker | Adult patients | Pediatric patients (Whole sample) | Pediatric patients (<7 Years old) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | |
| End-tidal (ETCO2) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.035 | |||
| No mask—5 min average | 33.05 [32.27–33.38] | 33.71 [32.77–34.65] | 34.15 [32.43–35.87] | |||
| Mask—first 5 min average | 34.81 [34.03–35.59] | 35.01 [34.07–35.95] | 35.34 [33.83–36.85] | |||
| Mask—second 5 min average | 34.65 [33.89–35.41] | 34.78 [33.84–35.72] | 34.67 [33.55–35.79] | |||
| Mask—last 5 min average | 34.35 [33.55–35.15] | 35.07 [34.13–36.01] | 35.25 [33.78–36.72] | |||
| ∆Inspired carbon dioxide (ICO2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| No mask—first 5 min average | 1.24 [1.00–1.48] | 2.55 [2.03–3.07] | 3.58 [2.78–4.38] | |||
| No mask—second 5 min average | 1.50 [1.23–1.77] | 2.95 [2.43–3.46] | 4.32 [3.52–5.12] | |||
| No mask—last 5 min average | 1.47 [1.18–1.76] | 3.16 [2.64–3.67] | 4.11 [3.31–4.91] | |||
| Respiratory rate (RR) | 0.130 | 0.057 | <0.001 | |||
| No mask—5 min average | 14.09 [13.46–14.72] | 16.85 [15.56–18.14] | 18.48 [16.93–20.03] | |||
| Mask—first 5 min average | 13.41 [12.76–14.06] | 17.71 [16.42–19.00] | 20.80 [18.78–22.82] | |||
| Mask—second 5 min average | 13.70 [12.84–14.56] | 18.15 [16.86–19.44] | 21.63 [19.55–23.71] | |||
| Mask—last 5 min average | 13.96 [13.14–14.78] | 17.45 [16.16–18.74] | 19.97 [16.87–23.07] | |||
| Pulse oximetry (SPO2) | 0.506 | 0.391 | 0.05 | |||
| No mask—5 min average | 97.72 [97.35- 98.09] | 97.80 [97.51–98.09] | 97.40 [96.81–97.99] | |||
| Mask—first 5 min average | 97.64 [97.29–97.99] | 98.00 [97.71–98.29] | 98.12 [97.71–98.53] | |||
| Mask—second 5 min average | 97.84 [97.55–98.13] | 98.02 [97.73–98.31] | 98.04 [97.69–98.39] | |||
| Mask—last 5 min average | 97.79 [97.50–98.08] | 97.89 [97.60–98.18] | 97.82 [97.37–98.27] | |||
| Heart rate (HR) | 0.088 | 0.410 | 0.025* | |||
| No mask—5 min average | 77.47 [74.67–80.27] | 94.86 [91.84–97.88] | 96.70 [91.82–101.58] | |||
| Mask—first 5 min average | 76.46 [73.79–79.13] | 95.50 [92.48–98.52] | 98.30 [93.20–103.4] | |||
| Mask—second 5 min average | 76.88 [74.19–79.57] | 95.84 [92.82–98.86] | 99.77 [95.48–104.6] | |||
| Mask—last 5 min average | 76.68 [74.05–79.31] | 94.92 [91.90–97.94] | 98.66 [94.03–103.29] | |||
Note:
*
After controlling for a Type I error, ETCO2 and HR are no longer significant for the pediatric patients <= 7 years old.