Table 3.
Delivery modes among studies included in the review.
| Delivery modes | Studies, n (%) | Randomized controlled trials, n/N (%) | Positivea results, n/N (%) |
| Web pages | 54 (36) | 33/54 (61) | 48/54 (89) |
| Smartphone apps | 51 (34) | 13/51 (26) | 40/51 (78) |
| Video conferencing | 20 (13) | 3/20 (15) | 15/20 (75) |
| SMS text messages | 10 (7) | 5/10 (50) | 7/10 (70) |
| Chatbox | 4 (3) | 2/4 (50) | 4/4 (100) |
| Phone calls | 3 (2) | 1/3 (33) | 2/3 (67) |
| Virtual reality | 3 (2) | 0/3 (0) | 3/3 (100) |
| Mixed modes | 6 (4) | 3/6 (50) | 4/6 (67) |
| Total | 151 (100) | 60/151 (N/Ab) | 123/151 (N/A) |
aPositive results: researchers stated overall positive effect of intervention or received positive feedback from users to show promising practical usage of the intervention. Negative results: researchers see no changes in mental health symptoms before and after the intervention or receive negative feedback from users.
bN/A: Not applicable.