Table 1.
Ferroptosis-related compounds, natural extracts, and drugs for acute leukemia and their mechanisms.
| Compound/drug/natural extract | Disease | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|
| APR-246 | AML | Deplete intracellular GSH and induce lipid peroxide production |
| DHA | AML | Induce autophagy by regulating the activity of AMPK/mTOR/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway, accelerate the degradation of ferritin, increase the labile iron pool, promote the accumulation of cellular ROS |
| ATPR | AML | ROS-autophagy-lysosomal pathway |
| Aldh3a2 | AML | Aldh3a2 knockout changes the redox state of cells, affects lipid metabolism, and combines with GPX4 inhibition to activate ferroptosis |
| Sulfasalazine | AML | Inhibit cystine importer SLC7A11/xCT and lead to depletion of GSH bank and oxidative stress-dependent cell death |
| Typhaneoside | AML | Induce autophagy by promoting the activation of the AMPK signal pathway and then increase the labile iron pool and promote the accumulation of cellular ROS |
| Chlorido[N,N΄-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediamine] iron(III) complexes | AML | Increase the production of ROS |
| Ungeremine | AML | Activate caspase, change metalloproteinases, increase ROS production |
| Epunctanone | AML | The addition of deferoxamine or ferrostatin-1 decreased its cytotoxicity |
| Natural triterpene saponin ardisiacrispin B | AML | The addition of deferoxamine or ferrostatin-1 decreased its cytotoxicity |
| HD | ALL | Increase the accumulation of ROS and decrease GSH and GPX4 |
| SCHL | ALL | The addition of deferoxamine or ferrostatin-1 decreased its cytotoxicity |
| Aridanin | ALL | The addition of deferoxamine or ferrostatin-1 decreased its cytotoxicity |
| PAA | T-ALL | Increase ROS production, induce autophagy through AMPK/mTOR and LC3 signaling pathways, and cause GSH downregulation |
Aldh3a2: aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a2; ALL: Acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATPR: 4-Amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate; DHA: Dihydroartemisinin; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; GSH: Glutathione; HD: Hydnocarpin D; LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; PAA: Poricoic acid A; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SCHL: Soyauxinium chloride; SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11; T-ALL: T cell ALL; xCT: System Xc- consists of light chain subunit SLC7A11.