Summary of findings 6. Comparing types of fast‐acting nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.
| Comparing types of fast‐acting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation | ||||||
| Patient or population: people who smoke Setting: any; study conducted in: South Africa Intervention: fast‐acting NRT (e.g. gum, lozenge, nasal spray) Comparison: fast‐acting NRT (e.g. gum, lozenge, nasal spray) | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with fast‐acting NRT 1 | Risk with fast‐acting NRT 2 | |||||
| Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus gum | Study population | RR 0.80 (0.29 to 2.19) | 75 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | ‐ | |
| 200 per 1000 | 160 per 1000 (58 to 438) | |||||
| Smoking cessation ‐ oral spray versus inhaler | Study population | RR 2.00 (0.46 to 8.73) | 75 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | ‐ | |
| 80 per 1000 | 160 per 1000 (37 to 698) | |||||
| Smoking cessation ‐ gum versus inhaler | Study population | RR 2.50 (0.53 to 11.70) | 50 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowa,b | ‐ | |
| 80 per 1000 | 200 per 1000 (42 to 936) | |||||
| Overall serious adverse events | Study population | n/a | 0 (0 RCTs) |
n/a | None of our included studies reported usable data on this outcome. | |
| n/a | n/a | |||||
| Treatment withdrawals | Study population | n/a | 0 (0 RCTs) |
n/a | None of our included studies reported usable data on this outcome. | |
| n/a | n/a | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; n/a: not applicable; NRT: nicotine replacement therapy; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded by one level due to risk of bias: we judged the one included study to be at high risk of bias. bDowngraded by two levels due to imprecision: fewer than 100 events overall.