Rose 1994.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: factorial RCT Country: USA Recruitment: community volunteers
Participants	48 smokers (≥ 20 cigarettes per day) 40% men, average age 34, average cigarettes per day 27 to 29
Interventions	2 x 2 factorial trial. Mecamylamine arms combined. 1) Nicotine patch (21 mg/24‐hour for 2 weeks before TQD) 2) Placebo After TQD, both groups received active patch for 6 weeks, counselling at clinic visits and self‐help materials
Outcomes	Sustained abstinence at 12 months Validation: CO ≤ 8 ppm Adverse events: measured at visits until 1 week post‐treatment
Notes	This study was supported by grant PBR‐61 from the American Cancer Society (Atlanta, GA); by grant DA 02665 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Rockville, MD), and by the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs (Washington, DC). Conflicts of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Assessment of blinding indicated higher‐than‐chance participant awareness of treatment regimen
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Dropout rate reported (low)