Rose 1998.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: factorial RCT Country: USA Recruitment: community volunteers
Participants	80 smokers (≥ 20 cigarettes per day) 51% men, average age 41, average cigarettes per day: 30
Interventions	2 x 2 factorial trial. Mecamylamine pretreatment arms combined 1) Nicotine patch (21 mg/24‐hour for 4 weeks before TQD) 2) Placebo After TQD, both groups received active patch and mecamylamine for 6 weeks, counselling at clinic visits and self‐help materials
Outcomes	Sustained abstinence at 6 months Validation: CO ≤ 8 ppm Adverse events: measured at visits during treatment
Notes	This study was supported by Grant PBR‐61 from the American Cancer Society and conducted with the assistance of the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Conflicts of interest: Jed E. Rose is a patent holder of the nicotine—mecamylamine combination treatment tested in this study
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "participants were randomly assigned"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Placebo patches not used, but participants were blinded to mecamylamine
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Early dropouts (up to 4 weeks pre‐cessation) reported, but not long‐term