Table 6. Antibiogram resultsa from pathogens identified from paediatric cardiac, cerebrospinal shunt fluid and hip and knee surgical site infectionsb, 2015–2020.
| Antibiotic | Number of resistant/number tested and % | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive | Gram-negative | Fungi | ||||||||||||||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococcic | S. aureus d | Enterococcus spp. | Klebsiella spp. | E. coli | Enterobacter spp. | C. albicans | Candida spp. othere | |||||||||
| # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | # of resistant | % | |
| Ampicillin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/42 | 2 | 6/6 | 100 | 11/19 | 58 | 16/20 | 80 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cefazolin | 41/61 | 67 | 21/159 | 13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4/17 | 24 | 18/18 | 100 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ceftriaxone | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3/10 | 30 | 8/17 | 47 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Clindamycin | 18/77 | 23 | 43/212 | 20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1/7 | 14 | 3/24 | 13 | N/A | N/A | 0/8 | 0 | 6/17 | 35 | 0/19 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Cloxacillin/Oxacillin | 80/133 | 60 | 40/284 | 14 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Erythromycin | 20/48 | 42 | 35/105 | 33 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Gentamicin | N/A | N/A | 0/15 | 0 | 5/14 | 36 | 2/9 | 22 | 4/20 | 20 | 1/23 | 4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Meropenem | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0/9 | 0 | 0/7 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/7 | 14 | 6/11 | 55 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Penicillin | 13/16 | 81 | 52/56 | 93 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Rifampin | 0/27 | 0 | 2/53 | 4 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 19/69 | 28 | 2/198 | 1 | N/A | N/A | 0/6 | 0 | 3/15 | 20 | 1/17 | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Tobramycin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/8 | 13 | 1/16 | 6 | 0/19 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Vancomycin | 0/96 | 0 | 1/114 | 1 | 0/24 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Amphotericin B | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Caspofungin | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Fluconazole | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: C. albicans, Candida albicans; E. coli, Escherichia coli; N/A, not available; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus
a Antibiotic/organism combinations with fewer than six tests were excluded
b Antibiogram data collection for HK SSI began in 2016
c Coagulase-negative staphylococci included S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. hominis and S. warneri
d Included methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus
e Other Candida spp. included C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis