Table 2:
List of potential miRNA biomarkers of radiation-caused injuries in different animal models.
| miRNA | Full name | Effect | Study model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-124 | MicroRNA 124 | Modulator of immunity and inflammation, associated with anti-inflammatory responses post-TBI | Baboons | (59, 112) |
| miR-212 | MicroRNA 212 | Radiosensitivity and immune modulation | Baboobs | (88, 109) |
| miR-322-3p | MicroRNA 322 3p | Distinguisher between high dose (6.5 Gy) and low-dose (2 Gy) sublethal groups | Human | (97) |
| miR-34b-3p | MicroRNA 34b 3p | Distinguisher between high dose (6.5 Gy) and low-dose (2 Gy) sublethal groups | Human | (97, 102) |
| miR-27a-3p | MicroRNA 27a-3p | Proliferation and growth signaling pathways | Human | (97) |
| miR-136-5p | MicroRNA 136 5p | Distinguisher between high dose (6.5 Gy) and low-dose (2 Gy) sublethal groups | Human | (97) |
| miR-17-3p, miR-17-5p | MicroRNA 17 3p/5p | Distinguisher between high dose (6.5 Gy) and low-dose (2 Gy) sublethal groups, cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation, differentially expressed and associated with TGF-beta in early phase after TBI | Human | (97, 113, 114) |
| miR-187-3p | MicroRNA 187-3p | IL-10–mediated suppression of TNF-α | Human | (97) |
| miR-21 | MicroRNA 21 | Long term elevation in the brain after radiation exposure, radiation caused bystander effect, epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition, associated with anti-inflammatory responses post-TBI | Human | (98, 112, 115–117) |
| miR-145 | MicroRNA 145 | Dose dependent upregulation in AHH-1 cells and HPBLs irradiated ex vivo | Human | (99) |
| miR-145-5p | MicroRNA 145 5p | Associated with anti-inflammatory responses post-TBI | Human | (112) |
| miR-663 | MicroRNA 663 | Dose dependent upregulation in AHH-1 cells and HPBLs irradiated ex vivo | Human | (99) |
| miR-223-3p | MicroRNA 223 3p | Associated with anti-inflammatory responses post-TBI | Human | (112) |
| miR-181a-5p | MicroRNA 181a 5p | Associated with anti-inflammatory responses post-TBI | Human | (112) |
| miR-1307 | MicroRNA 1307 | Significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99) |
| miR-3197 | MicroRNA 3197 | Significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99) |
| miR-4267 | MicroRNA 4267 | Significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99) |
| miR-5096 | MicroRNA 5096 | Significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99) |
| miR-7641 | MicroRNA 7641 | Significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99) |
| miR-150 | MicroRNA 150 | Circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation, radiation-induced bystander effect, involved in adaptive response caused by radiation | Human | (97, 101, 103, 110, 118) |
| miR-1246 | MicroRNA 1246 | Targeting Lig4 and inducing bystander DNA damage, significantly upregulated by 4 Gy γ-rays and associated biological functions | Human | (99, 119) |
| miR-122-5p | MicroRNA 122 5p | Radiation-induced bystander effect, incolved in adaptive response caused by radiation | Human | (118) |
| miR-122b-3p | MicroRNA 122b 3p | Radiation-induced bystander effect, incolved in adaptive response caused by radiation | Human | (118) |
| mir-155-5p | MicroRNA 155b 5p | Elevated expression after TBI, and association with anti- and pro-inflammatory functions | Human | (120) |
| mir-378 | MicroRNA 378 | Cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human | (59, 113) |
| miR-16-5p | MicroRNA 16 5p | Cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human | (113) |
| miR-140-3p | MicroRNA 140 3p | Cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human | (113) |
| miR-19b-3p | MicroRNA 19b 3p | Cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human | (113) |
| miR-199a-3p | MicroRNA 199a 3p | Cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human | (104, 113) |
| miR-125-5p | MicroRNA 125 5p | Pro-inflammatory biomarker candiate post-TBI | Human | (121) |
| miR-23a-3p | MicroRNA 23a 3p | Pro-inflammatory biomarker candiate post-TBI | Human | (101, 121) |
| miR-34a-5p | MicroRNA 34a 5p | Pro-inflammatory NF-κB-mediated functions, circulatory biomarker for lung specific injury | Human | (102) |
| miR-133a/b | MicroRNA 133 a/b | Muscle development, Targeting radiation-associated gene IGF1R, biomarker for irradiated vs unirradiated NHPs | Baboons, NHP | (59, 105, 110) |
| miR-375 | MicroRNA 375 | Radioprotective efficacy of GT3, regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1 (Pdk1) and myotrophin (Mtpn) to control production of beta cells and insulin, biomarker for irradiated vs unirradiated NHPs | Human, mouse | (105, 110, 122) |
| miR-7-5p | MicroRNA 7 5p | Targeting EGFR and Bcl2 and inducing autophagy | Human, mouse | (123, 124) |
| miR-215 | MicroRNA 215 | Targeting radiation-associated gene IGF1R, biomarker for irradiated vs unirradiated NHPs | Human, NHP | (105, 110) |
| miR-126, miR-126a-5p | MicroRNA 126 | Radioprotective efficacy of GT3, survival indicators, radiation-induced bystander effect, involved in adaptive response caused by radiation, radiation caused fatality indicator in NHPs, distinguisher between high dose (6.5 Gy) and low-dose (2 Gy) sublethal groups, cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human, NHP | (97, 105, 110, 113, 118) |
| miR-30a-3p, miR-30 | MicroRNA 30a-3p | Inhibit cancer cell proliferation, Targeting radiation-associated gene IGF1R, radioprotective efficacy of GT3, survival indicators, circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation, radiation caused fatality indicator in NHPs, biomarker for lethal (8 Gy) and sublethal (6.5 Gy) groups | Human, NHP | (97, 105, 110) |
| miR-30c-5p, miR-30c | MicroRNA 30c-5p | Regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation, biomarker for lethal (8 Gy) and sublethal (6.5 Gy) groups, cardiovascular atrophy caused by lethal dose of radiation | Human, NHP | (97, 110, 113) |
| miR-29a/b/c | MicroRNA 29 a/b/c | Circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation, distinguisher of HARS groups with and without pancytopenia | Baboons, human, mouse, and NHP | (59, 110) |
| miR-200 | MicroRNA 200 | Circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation | Human, mouse, and NHP | (110) |
| miR-320 | MicroRNA 320 | Circulatory miRNAs correlated with dose of radiation | Human, mouse, and NHP | (110) |