Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Apr 13;45(3):377–387. doi: 10.1007/s00281-023-00989-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — Graphical summary of neuroplasticity mechanisms mediated by glia. Intimate interactions between astrocytes, microglia, and ECM allow for dynamic control of neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. While astrocytes regulate neuronal function by providing metabolic support, modulating neurotransmission, and producing ECM, microglia can sculpt neuronal synapses in an activity-dependent manner. Abbreviations: αKG, α-ketoglutarate; ATP/ADP, adenosine tri- and diphosphate; AMPAR, AMPA receptor; D-ser, D-serine; EAAT, excitatory amino acid transporter; ECM, extracellular matrix; EPSC, excitatory postsynaptic current; IPSC, inhibitory postsynaptic current; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; GABAAR, ionotropic GABA receptor A; GABABR, metabotropic GABA receptor B; GAT3, GABA transporter 3; Glu, glutamate; Gln, glutamine; GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; IL33, interleukin 33; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor; MMPs, matrix metalloproteases; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; NMDAR, NMDA receptor; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; P2YR, purinergic P2Y receptor; SNAT, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter; SS, succinic semialdehyde; TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle)