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. 2023 Jun 19;10:29. doi: 10.1186/s40580-023-00377-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — High-resolution and functional OR-PAM for the study of cancer. a Schematic of a functional OR-PAM using a five-wavelength pulsed laser and stimulated Raman scattering, b hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow speed imaging results from the ear of a tumor-implanted mouse. c–e Quadruple imaging system based on a TUT. c System configuration. d PA depth encoded MAP images and e cross-sectional US B-scan images before and after the chemical burns. OR-PAM, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy; C_Hb, total hemoglobin; SO₂, oxygen saturation; HWP, half-wave plate; LPF, long-pass filter; PBS, polarizing beam splitter; M, mirror; FC, fiber coupler; PM-SMF, polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber; SMF, simgle-mode fiber; SPF, short-pass filter; DM, dichroic mirror; NDF, neutral density filter; OL, optical lens; AL, acoustic lens; WT, water tank; UST, ultrasound transducer; BS, beam splitter. PA, photoacoustic; US, ultrasound; TUT, transparent ultrasound transducer; CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor; SLED, superluminescent light-emitting diode; SPECT, spectrometer. The images are reproduced with permission from [17, 142]