Fig. 2. The radio-immunomics workflow (created by Biorender.com).

Radiomic analysis: Image pre-processing, tumor segmentation, and radiomic feature extraction is performed in patients with available multiparametric MRI scans. Data analysis is performed for feature selection and radiomics signature construction. Immunomic Analysis: Tumor immune characterization is performed using transcriptomic data. Subsequently, consensus clustering is used to classify patients into distinct subgroups based on their immune profile. Radiomic features and immune data as well as other clinical data are correlated, leading to the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarkers that serve as a substitute for genomic analysis.