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. 2023 Jun 19;8:252. doi: 10.1038/s41392-023-01495-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Cellular immune response after infection with BA.5 subvariant. a The lymphocytes in peripheral blood were collected, and the number of IFN-γ-secreting T cells were determined by ELISpot after stimulation with peptides pools of wildtype or BA.5 spike proteins. b–e Analysis of effects of on vaccination histories (b), number of vaccinations (c), age (d) and sex (e) on the number of IFN-γ-secreting T cells. Data are presented as mean with ± SEM in a–e. P values were determined by unpaired Student’s t tests. ns not significant