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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Feb 3;75(8):1681–1689. doi: 10.1002/acr.25076

Table 2.

Adjusted Means for Lupus Outcomes at Baseline by Perceived Stress

Adjusted Mean* (95% CI)
Disease Outcomes High Stress** (N=64) Low/Moderate Stress (N=193) P Beta
SLE Disease Activity:
Physician-assessed disease activity1 2.5 (1.8, 3.3) 3.0 (2.6, 3.5) 0.251 −0.51
Self-reported disease activity2 14.0 (12.3, 15.6) 7.4 (6.5, 8.3) <0.001 6.56
Symptoms:
Pain Interference3 58.4 (56.1, 60.6) 50.2 (48.9, 51.5) <0.001 8.13
Fatigue4 60.2 (57.6, 62.9) 49.3 (47.8, 50.7) <0.001 10.96
*

Adjusted means calculated from multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking, and disease duration. The N for the multivariable regression was 257 (vs. 260 eligible participants) as 3 participants had missing data for smoking status.

**

Participants with scores in the top quartile for the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale.

1

Assessed by Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), score range 0 – 105.

2

Assessed by Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), score range 0 – 44.

3

Assessed by Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 4-item Pain Interference scale, score range 41.6 – 75.6.

4

Assessed by PROMIS 4-item Fatigue scale, score range 33.7 – 75.89.