Table 3.

Association of Increase in Perceived Stress with Lupus Outcomes at Year 3 Follow-up

	Primary Analysis			Sensitivity Analysis
	Adjusted Mean* (95% CI)			Adjusted Mean** (95% CI)		P
Disease Outcomes at Follow-up	Increase in Perceived Stress§ (N=50)	Stable/Decreased Perceived Stress (N=207)	P	Increase in Perceived Stress§ (N=50)	Stable/Decreased Perceived Stress (N=207)
SLE Disease Activity:
Physician-assessed1	3.7 (2.8, 4.5)	2.5 (2.1, 2.9)	0.015	3.4 (2.6, 4.2)	2.6 (2.2, 3.0)	0.078
Self-reported2	12.2 (10.3, 14.0)	8.2 (7.3, 9.1)	<0.001	10.4 (9.1, 11.6)	8.7 (8.1, 9.3)	0.020
Symptoms:
Pain Interference3	54.7 (51.8, 57.6)	50.8 (49.4, 52.2)	0.019	53.4 (49.8, 52.2)	51.0 (49.8, 52.2)	0.106
Fatigue4	56.9 (53.8, 60.0)	50.7 (49.2, 52.2)	<0.001	56.0 (53.6, 58.5)	50.9 (49.7, 52.1)	<0.001

^*Adjusted means calculated from multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, smoking, and disease duration. The N for the multivariable regression was 257 (vs. 260 eligible participants) as 3 participants had missing data for smoking status.

^**Adjusted means calculated based on covariates in primary analysis, as well as the outcome score at baseline.

^§Participants with an increase in Perceived Stress Scale score by ≥0.5 standard deviation (2 points) from year 2 to year 3.

¹Assessed by Systemic Lupus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), score range 0–105.

²Assessed by Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), score range 0–44.

³Assessed by Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 4-item Pain Interference scale, score range 41.6 – 75.6.

⁴Assessed by PROMIS 4-item Fatigue scale, score range 33.7 – 75.89.