Table 5.
Clinical trials of natural products with anti-diabetic activity (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
| Compound | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier | Type of study | Characteristics of patients (n) | Dose and time of treatment | Condition | Phase | Additional Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcuminoid | NCT02529982 | randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | curcumin group (n = 25) meals or placebo group (n = 28) | 1500 mg capsule for 10 weeks | type 2 diabetes | – | [100] |
| Trans-resveratrol | NCT01677611 | randomized, placebo-controlled trial | n = 10 | 500 mg to a maximum of 3 g daily | type 2 diabetes | phase 1 | |
| Resveratrol | NCT01354977 | a placebo-controlled study | resveratrol group (n = 12) or placebo group (n = 8) | 1,000 mg twice daily for 28 days | type 2 diabetes | phase 2 | |
| Quercetin | NCT01839344 | crossover, double-blinded, controlled trial | Quercetin, acarbose and placebo (n total = 19) | 250 mg; oral single dose of 2000 mg | type 2 diabetes | phase 2 | |
| Epicatechin | NCT02330276 | double-blinded randomized | Each dose has n = 4 | epicatechin 10 mg, 30 mg, or 100 mg | pre-diabetes | phase 1 | |
| Sulforaphane | NCT02801448 | randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial | sulforaphane group or placebo group; n = 103 | sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts once daily for 12 weeks | type 2 diabetes | phase 2 | |
| Ubiquinone | NCT02062034 | randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study | ubiquinone group, antioxidant combination group, placebo; n = 40 | 400 mg daily of oral ubiquinone for 24 weeks | non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, type 2 diabetes | phase 2 | [97] |
| Lutein, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc copper | NCT03702374 | randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study | antioxidant combination group and placebo; n = 132 | antioxidant combination tablet once a day for 12 months | diabetic retinopathy | phase 3 | [163,184,217] |
| Fisetin | NCT03325322 | randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study | fisetin group and placebo; n = 30 | 20 mg/kg/day, orally for 2 consecutive days | diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathies, chronic kidney diseases | phase 2 | |
| Exenatide | NCT02735031 | randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study | exenatide group and placebo; n = 10 | week 1–2: 5 μg twice daily; week 3–6: 10 μg twice daily (if tolerated) | type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia | phase 2/3 | |
| Exenatide | NCT01876849 | open-label | N = 275 | injection 5mcg or 10 mcg, twice daily | type 2 diabetes | phase 3 |