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. 2023 Jun 6;10:1073373. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1073373

Table 2.

Main characteristic of participants in the PLCO cancer screening trial by GL.

Variables Q1 (n = 33,732) Q2 (n = 33,735) Q3 (n = 33,723) p value
Age (y), mean ± SD 62.5 (5.3) 62.6 (5.3) 62.2 (5.3) < 0.001
Male (n, %) 11,540 (34.2%) 15,654 (46.4%) 21,885 (64.9%) < 0.001
Arm (n, %)
Screen 17,263 (51.2%) 17,144 (50.8%) 17,124 (50.8%) 0.52
Control 16,469 (48.8%) 16,591 (49.2%) 16,599 (49.2%)
Smoking (n, %) < 0.001
Never 16,132 (47.8%) 16,398 (48.6%) 15,835 (47.0%)
Current 3,187 (9.4%) 2,906 (8.6%) 3,228 (9.6%)
Former 14,411 (42.7%) 14,424 (42.8%) 14,656 (43.5%)
Missing 2 (<1%) 7 (<1%) 4 (<1%)
Education (n, %) < 0.001
≤ High school 14,507 (43.0%) 13,970 (41.4%) 14,151 (42.0%)
≥ Some college 19,155 (56.8%) 19,694 (58.4%) 19,517 (57.9%)
Missing 70 (0.2%) 71 (0.2%) 55 (0.2%)
BMI (n, %) < 0.001
< 25.0 kg/m2 11,843 (35.1%) 11,863 (35.2%) 10,597 (31.4%)
≥ 25.0 kg/m2 21,436 (63.5%) 21,449 (63.6%) 22,668 (67.2%)
Missing 453 (1.3%) 423 (1.3%) 458 (1.4%)
Race (n, %) < 0.001
White, Non-Hispanic 30,713 (91.1%) 30,959 (91.8%) 30,379 (90.1%)
Other 3,005 (8.9%) 2,766 (8.2%) 3,331 (9.9%)
Missing 14 (<1%) 10 (<1%) 13 (<1%)
Drinking (n, %) < 0.001
Never 3,445 (10.2%) 3,374 (10.0%) 3,266 (9.7%)
Former 4,510 (13.4%) 4,764 (14.1%) 5,405 (16.0%)
Current 24,756 (73.4%) 24,669 (73.1%) 24,140 (71.6%)
Missing 1,021 (3.0%) 928 (2.8%) 912 (2.7%)
Total energy intake (kcal/d), mean ± SD 1123.3 (332.0) 1633.5 (348.0) 2423.3 (630.8) < 0.001

GL, glycemic load; PLCO, prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian; y, year; SD, Standard deviation; BMI, body mass index.