Table 3:

Estimated association (adjusted coefficient and stand error) between ownership of a pet over five years/1–5 years vs. no pets (exposure) and cognitive test score (outcome) for the total study population from the linear mixed model with a random intercept for each individual and a random slope for each pet ownership group

Cognitive test	Total (n=1,369)		Age<65 (n=725)		Age≥65 (n=644)
	Adjusted coefficienta (standard error)	P-value	Adjusted coefficientb (stand error)	P-value	Adjusted coefficientb (stand error)	P-value
Composite cognitive score
0 year	Reference		Reference		Reference
1–5 years	−0.11 (0.2)	0.64	−0.29 (0.4)	0.50	0.14 (0.3)	0.68
>5 years	0.02 (0.2)	0.94	−0.41 (0.3)	0.16	0.76 (0.3)	0.03
Immediate word recall
0 year	Reference		Reference		Reference
1–5 years	0.08 (0.1)	0.39	−0.03 (0.2)	0.84	0.20 (0.1)	0.045
>5 years	0.01 (0.08)	0.89	−0.17 (0.1)	0.13	0.30 (0.1)	0.02
Delayed word recall
0 year	Reference		Reference		Reference
1–5 years	0.04 (0.1)	0.74	−0.06 (0.2)	0.73	0.20 (0.2)	0.27
>5 years	0.06 (0.1)	0.54	−0.14 (0.1)	0.34	0.40 (0.2)	0.007
Serial 7’s task
0 year	Reference		Reference		Reference
1–5 years	−0.2 (0.1)	0.02	−0.17 (0.1)	0.18	−0.30 (0.2)	0.05
>5 years	−0.05 (0.08)	0.58	−0.07 (0.1)	0.54	0.02 (0.1)	0.86
Backward count
0 year	Reference		Reference		Reference
1–5 years	−0.006 (0.02)	0.80	−0.02 (0.03)	0.55	0.008 (0.03)	0.81
>5 years	−0.01 (0.02)	0.48	−0.03 (0.02)	0.16	0.02 (0.03)	0.51

^aAdjusted for age, gender, education level, marital status, race/ethnicity, family income, survey year, depression.

^bAdjusted for gender, education level, marital status, race/ethnicity, family income, survey year, depression.

^*Accounted for strata and 2010 survey weights (household-level and respondent-level weights)