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Schematic illustration of TGF‐β‐induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70 S6K pathway in the regulation of cell phenotype, ECM synthesis, apoptosis, autophagy and senescence in aVICs in canine MMVD. aVIC, activated myofibroblast phenotype; ECM, extracellular matrix; MMVD, myxomatous mitral valve disease; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor β.
