Table 7.

Stabilization Techniques²⁰

Techniques	Features and indications	Notes
Psychoeducation	Change in perception Knowing that one's reactions after the disaster trauma are natural, predictable, and experienced by many people reduces his/her anxiety, shame, and feeling of guilt.	It is necessary to establish a trust relationship before its implementation. Implement it in a group to proceed efficiently. Use pictures, props, and methods that can disperse hyperarousal (herbal tea, hot packs, or ice packs) together.
Breathing relaxation	Stability of hyperarousal through autonomic nervous system sedation Easy to apply	Caution in case of hypoarousal state Can be used as a group therapy
Grounding	Can be used for both hyperarousal and hypoarousal Allows the survivor's frame of mind to stay within the window of tolerance Let go of overwhelming thoughts, feelings, and memories, and let them stay in the present moment.	Utilizes appropriate senses according to the situation and the condition of survivors. Connect survivors to current supportive environments and relationships (e.g., safety factors such as solid ground or being with people who help them).
I-Jeong-Byeon-Gi therapy using orienting response	Can be used for both hyperarousal and hypoarousal Attention diverting activity	Choose an appropriate method according to the situation and the condition of survivors.
Containment exercise (in mindfulness and loving beingness psychotherapy)	When invasive memories and flashbacks are evident, this treatment allows acquiring the ability to control uncomfortable memories and emotions.	Conducted on the premise of sufficient resources and a field of psychological safety. Reinforce positive bodily sensations and emotions by processing uncomfortable memories.
Resource mindfulness (in mindfulness and loving beingness psychotherapy)	Can be used as a preparation process for exposure therapy. Can be used at the end of treatment.	Allow the patient to fully relax, through breathing before the therapy. If the survivor cannot find a field of psychological safety or if the negative memories are linked to the resource, the anxiety can be exacerbated.