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. 2023 May 26;9:e1391. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1391

Table 1. Notations.

N : Dimension
Rq=Zq[x]xN1 : Polynomial ring.
q,q1,q2 : Modulo values.
: XOR operation.
: Multiplication in a polynomial ring.
xrX : x is chosen uniformly random from distribution X.
||x|| : For xR, ||x||=max1iN{xi}min1iN{xi}.
||x||2 : For xR, ||x||2=(i=1N(xix¯)2)1/2, where x¯=1Ni=1Nxi.
κZ0 : The main security parameter.
: Error message.
dZ+ : The parameter of polynomial spaces.
For D-NTRU, d=df=dg.
δ,ϕ : The failure parameters.
xp1 : The inverse of the polynomial x in mod p.
Let x=f. Then, ffp11modp.
¬Z : The complement of Z.
L(d,d) : Ternary polynomials. If xrL(d,d), then d coefficient of x is equal to 1, d coefficient of x is equal to 1, and the others are equal to 0.
Kdf : Key derivation function such that Rq2{0,1}N.
H : Hash function such that Rq1{0,1}N.