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. 2023 May 26;9:e1391. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1391

Table 1. Notations.

N : Dimension
Rq=Zq[x]xN−1 : Polynomial ring.
q,q1,q2 : Modulo values.
⊕ : XOR operation.
⊗ : Multiplication in a polynomial ring.
x←rX : x is chosen uniformly random from distribution X.
||x||∞ : For x∈R, ||x||∞=max1≤i≤N{xi}−min1≤i≤N{xi}.
||x||2 : For x∈R, ||x||2=(∑i=1N(xi−x¯)2)1/2, where x¯=1N∑i=1Nxi.
κ∈Z≥0 : The main security parameter.
⊥ : Error message.
d∈Z+ : The parameter of polynomial spaces.
For D-NTRU, d=df=dg.
δ,ϕ : The failure parameters.
xp−1 : The inverse of the polynomial x in mod p.
Let x=f. Then, f⊗fp−1≡1modp.
¬Z : The complement of Z.
L(d,d) : Ternary polynomials. If x←rL(d,d), then d coefficient of x is equal to 1, d coefficient of x is equal to −1, and the others are equal to 0.
Kdf : Key derivation function such that Rq2→{0,1}N.
H : Hash function such that Rq1→{0,1}N.