Table 2. Performance comparison with literature on the FER-2013 dataset.

Methodology	Accuracy (%)
AlexNet + FC6 + LDA (Fei et al., 2020)	56.40
MobileNet with Softmax + Center loss (Miao et al., 2019)	68.31
LiveEmoNet (Podder, Bhattacharya & Majumdar, 2022b)	68.96
Dense_FaceLiveNet (Hung, Lin & Lai, 2019)	70.02
Lightweight CNN (Podder, Bhattacharya & Majumdar, 2022a)	68.93
DenseNet201 (Huang et al., 2017)	68.52
VGG16 (Simonyan & Zisserman, 2014)	65.80
InceptionV3 (Szegedy et al., 2016)	68.62
Proposed method	70.21