Table 1.
Patient Characteristics a
| Bioinductive Implant (n = 19) |
Control (n = 32) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at operation, y | 56 ± 2 (38-69) | 56 ± 1 (39-68) | .965 |
| Male sex, % (n/N) | 89 (17/19) | 63 (20/32) | .053 |
| Tear size area, mm2 | 205 ± 35 (64-600) | 265 ± 28 (70-600) | .122 |
| Final follow-up, mo | 14 ± 2 (6-24) | 29 ± 5 (24-120) | .087 |
| Ability to work, % (n/N) | |||
| Preoperatively | 32 (6/19) | 47 (15/32) | .283 |
| At 6 mo | 11 (2/19) | 28 (9/32) | .176 |
| At final follow-up | 21 (4/19) | 47 (15/32) | .080 |
| Preoperative strength, N | |||
| Abduction | 19 ± 5 | 32 ± 5 | .028 |
| Adduction | 41 ± 8 | 58 ± 8 | .060 |
| External rotation | 32 ± 6 | 39 ± 4 | .078 |
| Internal rotation | 42 ± 8 | 48 ± 5 | .270 |
| Lift-off | 16 ± 5 | 23 ± 3 | .217 |
| Preoperative passive ROM, deg | |||
| Forward flexion | 104 ± 12 | 125 ± 8 | .195 |
| Abduction | 101 ± 13 | 103 ± 8 | .929 |
| External rotation | 39 ± 6 | 44 ± 5 | .512 |
| Internal rotation | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | .523 |
| Preoperative patient-rated outcomes b | |||
| Frequency of activity pain (–) | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | .133 |
| Frequency of sleep pain (–) | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.2 | .763 |
| Frequency of extreme pain (–) | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | .489 |
| Level of pain at rest (–) | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | .487 |
| Level of overhead pain (–) | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 3 ± 0.2 | .231 |
| Level of sleep pain (–) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | .066 |
| Difficulty with behind-the-back movements (–) | 2.6 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | .915 |
| Difficulty with overhead movements (–) | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 3 ± 0.2 | .932 |
| Stiffness (–) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | .020 |
| Overall satisfaction (+) | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | .032 |
a Data are presented as mean ± SEM unless otherwise stated; data in parentheses are ranges. Bold P values indicate statistically significant differences between groups (P < .05). ROM, range of motion.
b (–), lower scores mean better outcomes; (+), higher scores mean better outcomes.