Table 4.
Descriptive statistics for high-ability musically untrained participants (top 25%) and trained participants from Correia et al. (2022). Age and education were held constant in statistical comparisons.
| High-ability
untrained (n = 51) |
Trained (n = 220) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | F | p | BF10 | Partial η2 | |
| MET | ||||||
| Total | 83.9 (5.2) | 82.0 (8.3) | 1.88 | .171 | .407 | .007 |
| Melody | 41.5 (3.9) | 41.9 (3.9) | <1 | .484 | .206 | .002 |
| Rhythm | 42.5 (3.2) | 40.2 (4.5) | 10.99 | .001 | 27.5 | .040 |
| Gold-MSI | ||||||
| Active Engagement | 3.9 (1.3) | 5.0 (0.9) | 48.51 | <.001 | >100 | .155 |
| Perceptual Abilities | 5.1 (1.1) | 6.2 (0.6) | 82.11 | <.001 | >100 | .237 |
| Singing Abilities | 4.0 (1.6) | 5.2 (0.9) | 53.26 | <.001 | >100 | .168 |
| Emotion | 5.6 (1.0) | 6.0 (0.7) | 8.13 | .005 | 7.39 | .030 |
| General Factor | 3.7 (1.2) | 5.5 (0.7) | 193.70 | <.001 | >100 | .423 |
| Music Practice | –1.6 (1.1) | 0.4 (0.5) | 334.70 | <.001 | >100 | .559 |
| Personality | ||||||
| Extraversion | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.8) | <1 | .888 | .169 | <.001 |
| Agreeableness | 3.9 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.5) | <1 | .715 | .179 | <.001 |
| Conscientiousness | 3.7 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.7) | <1 | .399 | .232 | .003 |
| Neuroticism | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.0 (0.9) | <1 | .629 | .183 | <.001 |
| Openness | 3.9 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.5) | 21.76 | <.001 | >100 | .076 |
| Cognition | ||||||
| Cognitive Ability | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.6 (0.7) | 1.00 | .318 | .270 | .004 |
| Mind-Wandering | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.0 (0.9) | 4.76 | .030 | 1.48 | .018 |
MET: musical ear test; Gold-MSI: Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index.