Table 4.
Description of outcome measures and findings
| Study | Mental health-related outcome(s) | Questionnaire/assessment method used | Times of outcome measurement |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Brodsky, 2021 [53] | Health-related QoL | SF-12 | Before and after 4 weeks intervention |
| 2. Bogolepova et al., 2021 [51] | Anxiety, depression | HADS | Before and after 60 days of the intervention |
| 3. Tereshin et al., 2021 [52] | Depression | HDRS | Before and at the end of the intervention |
| 4. Fowler-Davis et al., 2021 [54] | QoL | EQ-5D | Before and after intervention |
| 5. Harenwall et al., 2021 [55] |
Health-related QoL General health |
EQ-5D-5L Single item visual analog scale |
Retrospective pre-Covid, before and after intervention |
| 6. Łuckoś et al., 2021 [56] | Neuropsychological functioning | Standard Polish version of Mindstreams™ Interactive Computer Tests | Before and after intervention |
| 7. Compagno et al., 2022 [57] | Health-related QoL, depression, anxiety | SF-36, Zung SRDS, Zung SRAS | Before and after intervention |
| 8. Esin et al., 2022 [50] | Anxiety, depression, Health-related QoL and sleep |
HADS, SF-36 FAS |
Before and after intervention |
| 9. Brough et al., 2022 [58] | Physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social wellbeing | WHHQ-18 | At the start of the first and last session of the intervention |
| 10. Wagner et al., 2022 [59] | Anxiety, depression, health related QoL, perceived stress, resilience | SF-36, GAD-7, PHQ-9, PSS-10, BRS | Before, immediately after intervention and 6 weeks later |
| 11. Garcia-Molina et al., 2022 [60] | Anxiety and depression | HADS | Before intervention, during last week of intervention and 6–7 months later |
| 12. Philip et al., 2022 [61] | Health-related QoL | SF-36 | At first week and at last week of intervention |
| 13. Tobinick et al., 2022 [62] | Depression | BDI-II | Before and 24 h after intervention and 29 days later |
| 14. Wang et al., 2022 [63] | Anxiety | Scale of 0 to 10 | Daily |
| 15. Skilbeck, 2022 [64] | QoL, depression, anxiety | COV19-QoL scale, PHQ-9, GAD-7 |
Before, immediately after the intervention and 3 months later |
| 16. Orendáčová et al., 2022 [65] | Anxiety, depression | BAI, BDI-II | Before starting and after completing the intervention, and one week and one month later |
| 17. Koliadenko et al., 2022 [66] |
Depression, anxiety, stress wellbeing, activity, mood |
DASS-21 Spielberger-Khanin scale of reactive and personal anxiety, WAM |
At the initial visit, at the end of the intervention, and 3–6 months later |
BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, BRS Brief Resilience Scale, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, EQ-5D-5L Euro-Quality of Life-5D, GAD-7 General Anxiety Disorder-7, FAS Fatigue Assessment Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire, PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale-10, SF-12 Short Form-12 items, SF-36 Short Form-36, WAM Wellbeing, Activity and Mood questionnaire, WHHQ-18 Warwick Holistic Health Questionnaire, Zung SRDS Self-Rating Depression Scale, Zung SRAS Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, QoL quality of life