Table 5.
Description of study findings
| Study, year [reference] | Intervention | Outcomes | Mental health-related findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Brodsky, 2021 [53] | Post-COVID-19 ME program | Health-related QoL | Positive effects reported on QoL for some patients; subjective improvements in work, social, home life |
| 2. Bogolepova et al., 2021 [51] | Cholytilin and MexiB 6 | Anxiety, depression | Significant improvements in both the MexiB 6 and Cholytilin groups: Anxiety, depression, and physical wellbeing |
| 3. Tereshin et al., 2021 [52] | Intravenous Cytoflavin in combination with a standard rehabilitation program | Depression | Significant improvement: depression |
| 4. Fowler-Davis et al., 2021 [54] | Rehabilitation intervention (LC support sessions) | QoL | Acceptable to participants; engaged and empowered participants to undertake healthy behaviour changes enhanced wellbeing |
| 5. Harenwall et al., 2021 [55] | PCWBS |
Health-related QoL General health |
Significant improvement: general health, QoL |
| 6. Łuckoś et al., 2021 [56] | Neurotherapy | Neuropsychological functioning | Positive effects reported on cognitive function domains, subjective improvement in sense of independence, memory, return to work |
| 7. Compagno et al., 2022 [57] | MDR program | Health-related QoL, depression, anxiety | Significant improvements: physical and mental QoL domains, anxiety, depression |
| 8. Esin et al., 2022 [50] | Anvifen (GABAergic nootropic drug with an anxiolytic effect) | Anxiety, depression, health-related QoL and sleep | Significant improvements: anxiety, depression, sleep, physical health QoL, mental health QoL |
| 9. Brough et al., 2022 [58] | A package of care | Physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social wellbeing | Positive effects reported on wellbeing for almost all participants; strong acceptability of the intervention |
| 10. Wagner et al., 2022 [59] | PEMF | Anxiety, depression, health related QoL, perceived stress, resilience | Increased energy, QoL, resilience; decreased anxiety, depression, and stress. Subjective sense of being fully recovered, resumed work and private life, and improved wellbeing |
| 11. Garcia-Molina et al., 2022 [60] | Outpatient neuropsychological intervention programme | Anxiety and depression | Significant improvements: anxiety, depression |
| 12. Philip et al., 2022 [61] | ENO Breathe | Health-related QoL |
Significant improvement: mental health QoL composite score No significant difference: physical health QoL composite score |
| 13. Tobinick et al., 2022 [62] | Peri-spinal etanercept | Depression | Rapid improvements in depression and other non-mental health variables |
| 14. Wang et al., 2022 [63] | High-fibre formula | Anxiety | Significant improvement: anxiety |
| 15. Skilbeck, 2022 [64] | CBT | QoL, depression, anxiety | Positive effects reported on depression, anxiety, QoL |
| 16. Orendáčová et al., 2022 [65] | NFB | Anxiety, depression | Significant improvements: anxiety and depression |
| 17. Koliadenko et al., 2022 [66] | Virtual medical consultative psychological and psychiatric therapy |
Depression, anxiety, stress wellbeing, activity, mood |
Positive effects reported on depression, anxiety, stress |
CBT Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, ENO English National Opera, MDR multidisciplinary rehabilitation, ME Myalgic-Encephalomyelitis, NFB Neurofeedback, PCWBS Primary Care Wellbeing Service, PEMF Pulsed electromagnetic field, QoL Quality of life, LC long COVID