Table 2.

Results of serum total carnitine levels and free carnitine levels between the ME/CFS/SEID patient group and the healthy control group

	Total carnitine levels, μmol/L (SD)			Free carnitine levels, μmol/L (SD)
Study	ME/CFS/SEID patient group	Healthy control group	P-valuea	ME/CFS/SEID patient group	Healthy control group	P-valuea
Kuratsune H, et al. [12]	No data	No data		51.8 (9.5)	56.2 (9.7)	NS
Kuratsune H, et al. [13]	No data	No data		M 53.5 (8.5), F 46.8 (8.2)	No data	NS
Plioplys AV, et al. [14]	M 49.9 (9.1), F 41.2 (9.5)	M 59.3 (11.9), F 51.5 (11.6)	p < 0.05	M 40.6 (8.9), F 32.1 (6.9)	M 46.8 (10.0), F 40.1 (9.5)	p < 0.05
Kuratsune H, et al. [15]b	No data	No data		34.8 (7.8)	38.5 (8.1)	p < 0.05
Kuratsune H, et al. [15]c	No data	No data		No data	M 56.1 (10.7), F 43.6 (10.0)
Soetekouw PM, et al. [16]	46.9 (7.6)	48.9 (8.2)	NS	35.4 (7.6)	36.8 (6.5)	NS
Jones MG, et al. [17]	40.5 (8.7)	43.1 (9.8)	NS	33.2 (7.9)	36.6 (9.5)	NS
Reuter SE, et al. [18]	58.8 (13.6)	59.5 (12.9)	NS	45.0 (11.3)	45.2 (9.79)	NS

^aIn each study, those for which a p-value was not calculated are shaded

^bThe data in Swedish [15]

^cThe data in Japanese [15]

ME myalgic encephalomyelitis, CFS chronic fatigue syndrome, SEID systemic exertion intolerance disease, SD standard deviation, M male, F female, NS not significant