Table 2.
Participant characteristics
| Placebo | Choline | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | ± | SE | Mean | ± | SE | |||
| Number of subjects | 21 (11: 10) | 20 (12: 8) | ||||||
| (Male: Female) | ||||||||
| Age (y) | 66 | ± | 1.22 | 64.7 | ± | 0.67 | > 0.05 | |
| Height (cm) | 160 | ± | 1.72 | 163 | ± | 1.62 | > 0.05 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 60.1 | ± | 2.29 | 60.4 | ± | 2.64 | > 0.05 | |
| BMI | 23.4 | ± | 0.75 | 22.3 | ± | 0.65 | > 0.05 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121 | ± | 3.67 | 125 | ± | 3.47 | > 0.05 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.7 | ± | 2.67 | 76.8 | ± | 2.81 | > 0.05 | |
| Pulse (/m) | 79.7 | ± | 2.46 | 78.1 | ± | 2.04 | > 0.05 | |
| MMSE-J | 28.8 | ± | 0.21 | 28.9 | ± | 0.24 | > 0.05 | |
| GDS-S-J | 1.33 | ± | 0.3 | 1.7 | ± | 0.35 | > 0.05 | |
| Cognitrax | Verbal memory | 52.7 | ± | 1.11 | 50.9 | ± | 1.42 | > 0.05 |
| Psychomotor speed | 162 | ± | 3.66 | 160 | ± | 5.7 | > 0.05 | |
| Processing Speed | 53 | ± | 1.62 | 55.8 | ± | 1.83 | > 0.05 | |
| Simple Attention | 39.8 | ± | 0.11 | 39.4 | ± | 0.4 | > 0.05 | |
| Motor Speed | 108 | ± | 2.84 | 104 | ± | 4.98 | > 0.05 | |
| Plasma free choline level (μM) | 14.3 | ± | 0.59 | 14.3 | ± | 0.67 | > 0.05 | |
| Egg consumption (n/week) | 2.84 | ± | 0.44 | 3.39 | ± | 0.39 | > 0.05 | |
Mean ± SE of 20 or 21 subjects. The P-values are from the Student’s t-test, comparing values in the placebo and choline groups