Table 2.
Incarceration Experiences of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults in Massachusetts and Rhode Island (N = 76).
| Incarceration History - Lifetime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Number of Times Incarcerated (n = 71) | Mean | SD |
| Range (1–50) | 3.3 | 7.0 |
| Total amount of time incarcerated | N | % |
| A little (less than a year) | 60 | 78.9 |
| A moderate amount (1 year to less than 5 years) | 6 | 7.9 |
| A lot (5 years or more) | 8 | 10.5 |
| Prefer not to answer | 2 | 2.6 |
| Last incarcerated | ||
| Less than a month ago | 3 | 3.9 |
| 1 month to < 6 months ago | 1 | 1.3 |
| 6 months ago to < 12 months ago | 2 | 2.6 |
| 12 months ago to < 3 years ago | 8 | 10.5 |
| 3 years ago to < 5 years ago | 13 | 17.1 |
| 5 years ago or more | 47 | 61.8 |
| Prefer not to answer | 2 | 2.6 |
| Detention facility | ||
| Federal prison | 3 | 3.9 |
| State prison | 13 | 17.1 |
| Local jail | 33 | 43.4 |
| Holding cell | 37 | 48.7 |
| Juvenile system | 7 | 9.2 |
| Other | 4 | 5.3 |
| Victimization-Lifetime (n = 73) | ||
| Victimization while incarcerated | ||
| No victimization | 32 | 43.8 |
| Moderate victimization | 29 | 39.7 |
| High victimization | 12 | 16.4 |
| Sexual assault | ||
| By anyone | 12 | 16.4 |
| Inmate | 12 | 16.4 |
| Correctional officer or another staff person | 5 | 6.8 |
| Correctional healthcare provider | 0 | 0.0 |
| Physical assault | ||
| By anyone | 20 | 27.4 |
| Inmate | 20 | 27.4 |
| Correctional officer or another staff person | 12 | 16.4 |
| Correctional healthcare provider | 4 | 5.5 |
| Verbal harassment | ||
| By anyone | 40 | 54.8 |
| Inmate | 40 | 54.8 |
| Correctional officer or another staff person | 24 | 32.9 |
| Correctional healthcare provider | 4 | 5.5 |
| Incarceration History–Past 12 months (n = 6) | ||
| Housing at last incarceration: Transgender women | ||
| Men’s unit | 2 | 33.3 |
| Housing at last incarceration: Non-binary people | ||
| Men’s unit | 2 | 33.3 |
| Housing at last incarceration: Transgender men | ||
| Special unit for transgender and/or LGBT people | 1 | 16.7 |
| Solitary confinement/Segregated housing unit | 1 | 16.7 |
| Sought medical care | ||
| No | 5 | 83.3 |
| Yes | 1 | 16.7 |
| On hormones prior to incarceration | ||
| No | 4 | 66.7 |
| Yes | 2 | 33.3 |
| Tried to acquire hormones | ||
| No | 6 | 100.0 |
| Yes | 0 | 0.0 |
Note. The total N for each variable is 76 unless otherwise noted. No participants reported being housed in a women’s facility. The two non-binary people housed in a men’s unit were assigned a female birth sex.