Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by client family involvement preferences (N=761)
| Grouped by Baseline Family Involvement Preference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Involvement (n=45) | Conditional Involvement (n=266) | Unconditional Involvement (n=450) | Difference btw groups | ||||
| Measures | N | % or Mean±SD | N | % or Mean±SD | N | % or Mean±SD | p-value |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 45 | 23.0±3.0 | 266 | 21.6±3.2 | 450 | 20.8±3.2 | <.001 |
| Gender | 0.018 | ||||||
| Female | 14 | 31% | 82 | 31% | 91 | 20% | |
| Male | 31 | 69% | 182 | 68% | 357 | 79% | |
| Other | 0 | 0% | 2 | 1% | 2 | 0% | |
| Race | 0.036 | ||||||
| White (non-Hispanic) | 15 | 33% | 94 | 35% | 108 | 24% | |
| Black (non-Hispanic) | 13 | 29% | 89 | 34% | 161 | 36% | |
| Hispanic | 11 | 24% | 63 | 24% | 138 | 31% | |
| Other | 6 | 13% | 20 | 8% | 43 | 10% | |
| Insurance status | 0.027 | ||||||
| Uninsured | 4 | 9% | 19 | 7% | 23 | 5% | |
| Public | 25 | 56% | 111 | 42% | 233 | 52% | |
| Private | 14 | 31% | 116 | 44% | 180 | 40% | |
| Other | 2 | 4.4% | 20 | 8% | 14 | 3% | |
| Primary language | <.001 | ||||||
| English | 43 | 96% | 251 | 94% | 385 | 86% | |
| Spanish | 0 | 0% | 4 | 2% | 36 | 8.% | |
| Other | 2 | 4% | 11 | 4% | 28 | 6% | |
| Highest grade completed | 0.002 | ||||||
| <HS | 9 | 20% | 60 | 23% | 136 | 30% | |
| HS or GED | 8 | 18% | 49 | 18% | 92 | 20% | |
| Some college | 15 | 33% | 117 | 44% | 180 | 40% | |
| College graduate | 13 | 29% | 40 | 15% | 42 | 9% | |
| Family and Support System | |||||||
| Current family contact with client | <.001 | ||||||
| Daily | 26 | 62% | 224 | 85% | 425 | 94% | |
| Weekly | 6 | 14% | 31 | 12% | 19 | 4% | |
| Monthly or less | 10 | 24% | 8 | 3% | 6 | 1% | |
| Lives with family | <.001 | ||||||
| Parents | 27 | 60% | 205 | 77% | 398 | 88% | |
| Other family (not parents) | 3 | 7% | 17 | 6% | 31 | 7% | |
| Alone | 5 | 11% | 25 | 9% | 8 | 2% | |
| Other | 10 | 22% | 19 | 7% | 13 | 3% | |
| Lives with anyone (% yes) | 40 | 89% | 241 | 91% | 442 | 98% | <.001 |
| Has support person (% yes) | 28 | 62% | 241 | 91% | 438 | 97% | <.001 |
| Homeless (% yes) | 11 | 24% | 21 | 8% | 14 | 3% | <.001 |
| Clinical | |||||||
| Ever hospitalized (% yes) | 37 | 82% | 226 | 85% | 388 | 86% | 0.726 |
| Number of prior hospitalizations | 39 | 1.7±1.3 | 234 | 1.7±1.1 | 403 | 1.5±1.0 | 0.088 |
| Current prescription for antipsychotics | <.001 | ||||||
| Not medication adherent | 8 | 18% | 54 | 20% | 54 | 12% | |
| Medication adherent | 23 | 51% | 159 | 60% | 331 | 74% | |
| Not prescribed | 6 | 13% | 23 | 9% | 20 | 4% | |
| Unknown | 8 | 18% | 30 | 11% | 45 | 10% | |
| Time to 1st mental health contact (days) median (IQR) | 44 | 37.0 (11.0–183.0) | 264 | 29.0 (2.0–119.0) | 443 | 25.0 (2.0–90.0) | 0.224 |
| Family involvement in initial pathways to care referral chains (% yes) | 21 | 47% | 165 | 62% | 326 | 73% | <.001 |
| Any substance use | 33 | 73% | 153 | 58% | 229 | 51% | 0.008 |
| Discharged within one year | 22 | 49% | 96 | 36% | 137 | 30% | 0.024 |
| Functioning | |||||||
| GAF social functioning | 0.223 | ||||||
| < 40 | 8 | 18% | 31 | 12% | 52 | 12% | |
| 40–70 | 28 | 62% | 178 | 67% | 273 | 69% | |
| >=70 | 9 | 20% | 56 | 21% | 124 | 28% | |
| GAF occupational functioning | 0.660 | ||||||
| < 40 | 31 | 69% | 166 | 63% | 301 | 67% | |
| 40–70 | 11 | 24% | 74 | 28% | 105 | 23% | |
| >=70 | 3 | 7% | 24 | 9% | 44 | 10% | |
| GAF symptoms | 0.367 | ||||||
| < 40 | 37 | 82% | 214 | 81% | 371 | 82% | |
| 40–70 | 8 | 18% | 47 | 18% | 77 | 17% | |
| >=70 | 0 | 0% | 5 | 2% | 2 | 0% | |
| Employment at admission (% yes) | 11 | 24% | 53 | 20% | 55 | 12% | 0.006 |
| Early Discharge | |||||||
| Discharged within one year (% yes) | 22 | 49% | 96 | 36% | 137 | 30% | 0.024 |
*
GAF scores range from 0 to 100 with 100 representing better functioning