Figure 3.

TRIM13 facilitated LUAD cell autophagy and oxidative stress.

Note: TEM images were captured, and autophagosomes in oe-NC, oe-TRIM13, or oe-TRIM13-ΔRING group were counted manually. Autophagosomes, marked by red arrows, were significantly elevated in TRIM13-overexpressing A549 and HCC827 cells. (a) LC3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect LUAD cell autophagy. TRIM13 overexpression significantly increased autophagy in A549 and HCC827 cells as compared to the control and LUAD cells with the mutated version of TRIM13. (c) DCFH-DA staining was used to detect oxidative stress in all constructs. ROS levels were significantly increased in the LUAD cells expressing TRIM13. Significance was set at ** P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.