Fig 1. Illustration of the musical tasks and corresponding simulation experiments.
(A) The task simulated in experiment 1, in which a musician plays a simple melody with a metronome (top). Illustration of our simulation, in which ASHLE synchronizes with a sinusoidal stimulus (bottom). (B) The task simulated in experiment 2, in which a musician plays a simple melody, without a metronome (top). This specific example shows a performance tempo that periodically became slower due to the musician’s tendency to return to the SMT. Illustration of our simulation, in which ASHLE oscillates without a sinusoidal stimulus and returns to its f0 (bottom). (C) The task stimulated in experiment 3, in which pairs of musicians played a simple melody together after hearing four pacing metronome clicks (top). Illustration of our simulation, in which two ASHLE models synchronize with four cycles of a pacing sinusoidal stimulus (greyed-out blue and red lines), and then stimulate each other without the sinusoidal stimulus (solid blue and red lines) (bottom).