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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Leis Sci. 2020 Nov 26;45(4):331–350. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1829520

Table 3.

Past Month Substance Use Means and Standard Deviations by Groups

Students living with parents

Substance No CSA Low Overall CSA Medium Overall CSA High Overall CSA Sports Only Non-sports Only

Concurrent
 Cigarettes 2.22(.74) 11.29(6.59) 1.80(1.10) 1.06(.47) .78(.50) .94(.78)
 Alcohol 2.13(.30) 4.19(1.73) 2.55(.45) 3.08(.42) 2.19(.46) 1.87(.35)
 Heavy drinking 1.79(.34) 3.13(1.78) 1.58(.39) 2.47(.41) 2.17(.66) .82(.21)
 Marijuana 4.96(.81) 5.43(2.31) 3.67(1.02) 4.26(.78) 6.05(1.48) 3.57(1.06)
Longitudinal
 Cigarettes 3.33(.83) 4.90(4.66) 2.19(.89) 1.21(.34) 1.74(.69) 1.23(.56)
 Alcohol 2.56(.32) 2.26(.76) 3.90(.60) 3.47(.41) 2.29(.37) 3.25(.52)
 Heavy drinking 1.83(.28) 1.95(1.10) 2.63(.52) 2.03(.28) 1.73(.34) 2.29(.52)
 Marijuana 5.01(.80) 5.20(2.10) 3.78(.95) 4.61(.74) 4.85(1.00) 3.40(.99)

Students not living with parents

Substance No CSA Low Overall CSA Medium Overall CSA High Overall CSA Sports Only Non-sports Only

Concurrent

 Cigarettes 4.59(1.39) 1.03(2.28) 4.07(1.86) 1.88(1.09) 4.92(2.96) .20(.18)
 Alcohol 4.23(.74) 2.80(1.52) 6.60(1.20) 5.11(.95) 3.44(.86) 3.85(.92)
 Heavy drinking 2.52(.67) 1.81(1.94) 7.19(1.44) 3.80(.93) 3.46(.76) 3.32(1.32)
 Marijuana 6.44(1.56) 7.78(4.17) 8.27(1.98) 3.53(1.07) 4.15(1.67) 3.33(1.51)
Longitudinal
 Cigarettes 4.46(1.37) 12.42(11.69) 2.89(1.41) .96(.39) 2.61(1.50) 1.57(.63)
 Alcohol 3.73(.73) 1.98(.85) 6.73(1.18) 3.93(.66) 7.95(1.29) 2.02(.44)
 Heavy drinking 2.15(.56) .88(.67) 3.51(.83) 2.15(.45) 3.34(.93) 1.50(.63)
 Marijuana 6.83(1.48) 4.13(2.78) 8.99(2.04) 5.33(1.34) 4.75(1.92) 3.30(1.47)

Note. CSA = Campus Structured Activities. “Concurrent” refers to analyses that assessed the association between leisure activities and substance use in the same year (wave 8); “Longitudinal” refers to analyses examining the association of leisure activities in wave 8 with substance use in wave 9. Participants chose one of the following responses for past month substance use: 0=0 days, 1=1 day, 2=2 days, 3=3–5 days, 4=6–9 days, 5=10–19 days, and 6=20–30 days. These response options were rescaled to the mid-point of number of days (e.g., 3–5 days = 4).