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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Soc Issues. 2022 Sep 2;79(1):232–263. doi: 10.1111/josi.12552

Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Sample

Qualitative Sample
N = 25
Quantitative Only Sample
N = 263
Full Sample (Qual + Quant)
N = 288

Individual-level characteristics N (%) N (%) N (%)

 Gender
    Cisgender man 20 (83.3) 246 (93.5) 266 (92.4)
    Cisgender woman 1 (4.0) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7)
    Transgender woman 0 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)
    Transgender/queer/other gender identity (AMAB) 4 (16.7) 13 (4.9) 17 (5.9)
    Transgender/queer/other gender identity (AFAB) 0 2 (0.8) 2 (0.7)
 Race/ethnicity
    Non-Latinx Black 7 (28.0) 44 (16.7) 51 (17.7)
    Non-Latinx white 11 (44.0) 114 (43.4) 125 (43.4)
    Latinx 2 (8.0) 67 (25.5) 69 (24.0)
    Non-Latinx other 5 (20.0) 38 (14.5) 43 (14.9)
 Sexual orientation
    Heterosexual 3 (12.5) 9 (3.5) 12 (4.2)
    Gay 18 (75.0) 214 (82.0) 232 (81.4)
    Bisexual 2 (8.3) 21 (8.1) 23 (8.1)
    Queer 0 16 (6.1) 16 (5.6)
    Other 1 (4.2) 1 (4.2) 2 (0.7)
 Education
    Less than high school 4 (16.7) 16 (6.1) 20 (7.0)
    High school graduate 7 (29.2) 78 (29.7) 85 (29.6)
    Some college/trade school 6 (25.0) 89 (33.8) 95 (33.1)
    College graduate 4 (16.7) 53 (20.2) 57 (19.9)
    Post graduate degree 3 (12.5) 27 (10.3) 30 (10.5)
 Income
    Less than $10,000 8 (32.0) 74 (28.1) 82 (28.5)
    $10,000-19,999 6 (24.0) 63 (24.0) 69 (24.0)
    $20,000-29,999 5 (20.0) 42 (16.0) 47 (16.3)
    $30,000-39,999 3 (12.0) 18 (6.8) 21 (7.3)
    $40,000-49,999 0 9 (3.4) 9 (3.1)
    $50,000-59,999 0 10 (3.8) 10 (3.5)
    $60,000-69,999 0 10 (3.8) 10 (3.5)
    $70,000-79,999 0 7 (2.7) 7 (2.4)
    $80,000-89,999 1 (4.0) 4 (1.5) 5 (1.7)
    $90,000-99,999 0 8 (3.0) 8 (2.8)
    $100,000 or more 2 (8.0) 18 (6.8) 20 (6.9)
 Financial situation
    I have enough to live comfortably 7 (28.0) 94 (35.7) 101 (35.1)
    I can barely get by on the money I have 13 (52.0) 128 (48.7) 141 (49.0)
    I cannot get by on the money I have 5 (20.0) 41 (15.6) 46 (16.0)
 Broken up at time of interview 4 (16.7) n/a n/a
 HIV status
    Positive 21 (87.5) 231 (80.2) 231 (80.2)
    Negative 3 (12.5) 57 (19.8) 57 (19.8)

Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)

 Age (years) 47.6 (12.8) 46.0 (11.9) 46.1 (12.0)
 Relationship length (years) 5.3 (5.9) 8.6 (8.6) 8.28 (8.42)
 Number of children 0.6 (1.5) 0.2 (0.7) 0.2 (0.8)

Couple-level characteristics

 Living with partner 19 (76.0) 195 (74.1) 214 (74.3)
 Married or in domestic partnership 6 (24.0) 78 (29.7) 84 (29.2)
 Couple HIV status
    Sero-concordant positive 16 (64.0) 158 (60.1) 174 (60.4)
    Sero-different 9 (36.0) 105 (39.9) 114 (39.6)
 Gender
    Cisgender male couple 17 (68.0) 233 (88.6) 250 (86.8)
    Cisgender female couple 1 (4.0) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7)
    One partner is a is gender minority 7 (28.0) 25 (9.5) 32 (11.1)
    Both partners are gender minorities 0 (0) 4 (1.5) 4 (1.2)
 Sexual orientation
    Both partners are straight/heterosexual 2 (8.0) 6 (2.3) 8 (2.8)
    One partner is a sexual minority 1 (4.0) 7 (2.7) 8 (2.8)
    Both partners are sexual minorities 22 (88.0) 250 (95.1) 272 (94.4)
 Race/ethnicity
    Neither partner is a racial/ethnic minority 6 (24.0) 66 (25.1) 72 (25.0)
    Only one partner is racial/ethnic minority 11 (44.0) 95 (36.1) 106 (36.8)
    Both partners are racial/ethnic minorities 8 (32.0) 102 (38.8) 110 (38.2)

Note: In the full sample, there were 3 missing sexual orientation, 1 missing education, and 1 missing any children. In the qualitative sample, there was 1 missing sexual orientation, 1 missing education, and 1 missing children data. AMAB=assigned male on one’s original birth certificate; AFAB=assigned female on one’s original birth certificate.