Representative tracings in blood pressure (BP, A), heart rate (HR, B), cerebral blood velocity (CBv, C), and end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2, D) from (top to bottom) postural tachycardia syndrome with low ETCO2 (POTS-↓ETCO2), postural tachycardia syndrome with normal upright ETCO2 (POTS-nlETCO2), and healthy control subjects. Anticipatory increases in BP and HR were present in all. CBv increased in POTS-nlETCO2 but decreased in POTS-↓ETCO2.