Table 1.

Distribution of Recipient Characteristics by Transplant Era (Transplants: January 1992 – June 2018)

	Jan 1992–Dec 2000(n = 3,666)	Jan 2001–Dec 2009(n = 4,476)	Jan 2010–Jun 2018(n = 5,307)	p-value
Age (years)	6 (0 – 17)	7 (0–17)	7 (0 – 17)	0.0005
Age <1 year	25.5%	22.7%	21.9%	0.0003
Male	58.2%	54.6%	54.5%	0.0009
BMI (kg/m2)	19.9 (16.1 – 30.0)	20.9 (16.3 – 32.4)	21.1 (16.4–31.7)	<0.0001
PRA ≥20%	6.7%	15.1%	23.8%	<0.0001
PRA ≥80%	1.3%	5.1%	5.9%	<0.0001
History of malignancy	3.2%a	2.4%	2.2%	0.0653
Pre-transplant dialysis	1.9%a	4.1%	3.3%	0.0002
Bilirubin (mg/dl)	0.8 (0.2 – 3.2)a	0.7 (0.2 – 3.4)	0.6 (0.2 – 2.9)	<0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.6 (0.3 – 1.3)a	0.5 (0.2 – 1.4)	0.4 (0.2–1.1)	<0.0001
GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)c	80.7 (39.6 – 127.2)a	82.6 (39.4 – 138.8)	94.0 (50.8 – 164.2)	<0.0001
PVR (woods unit)	3.0 (0.8 – 11.8)a	3.0 (0.8 – 12.2)	2.6 (0.6 – 11.8)	0.0046
Inotrope use	42.2%a	49.6%	50.5%	<0.0001
PGE use, age <1 yeard	32.2%b	11.6%	8.7%	<0.0001
ECMO use	4.4%b	8.6%	4.4%	<0.0001
MCS use:
- None	-	86.3%	74.3%	<0.0001
- VAD	-	9.8%	20.0%
- TAH	-	0.2%	0.3%
- BIVAD	-	3.7%	5.4%
Ventilator use	17.4%	21.2%	16.6%	<0.0001
Hospitalized	64.7%	69.3%	72.2%	<0.0001

BMI, body mass index; PRA, panel reactive antibody; GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; PGE, prostaglandin; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; VAD, ventricular assist device; TAH, total artificial heart.

Summary statistics excluded transplants with missing data.

Continuous factors are expressed as median (5th – 95th percentiles).

Comparisons for categorical variables were made using the chi-square statistic.

Comparisons for continuous variables were made using the Wilcoxon test.

^aBased on April 1994 – December 2000 transplants.

^bBased on April 1995 – December 2000 transplants.

^cGFR was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.

^dPercentage was calculated using recipients <1 year with known PGE use as the denominator.