Table 4.

Error analysis for the JensenLab tagger and the Transformer-based tagger.

	Total		FNa		FPa
Error categories	dict-based	TF-baseda	dict-based	TF-based	dict-based	TF-based
Ambiguous name	35	18	34	10	1	8
Annotation error	9	2	7	0	2	2
Dictionary error	157		113		44
Discontinuous entity	6	0	6	0	0	0
Lower taxonomic level tagged as species	56	0	0	0	56	0
Upper taxonomic level tagged as species	17	10	0	0	17	10
Transformer-based model error		24		24		0
Unofficial abbreviation	12	4	12	4	0	0
Total	292	58	172	38	120	20

^aFN, false negative; FP, false positive; dict-based, dictionary-based tagger; TF-based, transformer-based tagger.