Summary of findings 2. Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal sepsis.
| Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to pentoxifylline with antibiotics and immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal sepsis | ||||||
|
Patient or population: neonates with sepsis Settings: neonatal intensive care unit Intervention: PTX Comparison: PTX with IgM‐enriched IVIG | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| PTX with IgM‐enriched IVIG | PTX | |||||
| All‐cause mortality during hospital stay | 7/51 | 5/51 | RR 0.71 (0.24, 2.10) | 102 participants (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Very lowa |
|
| Chronic lung disease in survivors | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
| Severe intraventricular haemorrhage | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
| Periventricular leukomalacia | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
| Length of hospital stay in days for survivors to discharge | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
| Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage | 3/51 | 4/51 | RR 1.33 (0.31, 5.66) | 102 participants (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Very lowa |
|
| Retinopathy of prematurity, any stage | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; PTX: pentoxifylline; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded to very low because there was only one included study and due to imprecision of the summary estimate.