Summary of findings 3. Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics for neonatal sepsis.
Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to immunoglobulin M‐enriched intravenous immunoglobulin with antibiotics for neonatal sepsis | ||||||
Patient or population: neonates with sepsis Settings: neonatal intensive care unit Intervention: PTX Comparison: IgM‐enriched IVIG | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
IgM‐enriched IVIG | PTX | |||||
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay | 4/51 | 5/51 | RR 1.25 (0.36, 4.39) | 102 participants (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Very lowa |
|
Chronic lung diseasein survivors | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
Severe intraventricular haemorrhage | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
Periventricular leukomalacia | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
Length of hospital stay in days for survivors to discharge | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage |
3/51 | 4/51 | RR 1.33 (0.31, 5.66) | 102 participants (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
Very lowa |
|
Retinopathy of prematurity, any stage | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | None reported. |
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; PTX: pentoxifylline; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. |
aDowngraded to very low because there was only one included study and due to imprecision of the summary estimate.