Comparison 3. Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) compared to adjunct treatments such as IgM‐enriched IVIG with antibiotics.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
3.1 All‐cause mortality	1	102	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.25 [0.36, 4.39]
3.2 Necrotising enterocolitis, any Bell stage	1	102	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.31, 5.66]