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. 2023 Jun 7;14:1065609. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065609

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Electron micrographs, Western blot analysis and ELISA of purified of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs. (A,B) Electron micrographs showing SARS-CoV-2 VLP sizes ranging approximately 50–110 nm. Immunogold with gold nanoparticle labelled anti-RBD monoclonal antibody confirming (C) the presence of spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs, and (D) SARS-CoV-2 virus as positive control. (E–G) Western blot analysis of purified SARS-CoV-2 VLPs. Blots were probed with polyclonal anti-S (E), anti-M (F) or anti-E (G) antibodies. Bands representing the monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of the E protein can be seen in (G). In each blot lane 1 = molecular weight marker (MWM), lane 2 = SARS-CoV-2 VLP, lane 3 = positive control, lane 4 = negative control. (H) Western blot analysis of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs, SARS-CoV-2 VLPS with α-GalCer incorporated, supernatant from uninfected vero cells (as negative control) and vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus (as positive control). Blots were probed with polyclonal anti-S antibody. (I) Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs ranging from 0.3 to 10 μg/mL were probed with a serial dilution of anti-RBD.