Table 2.
Associations of perceived environmental attributes with walking for transport (main-effect models with single environmental predictors): Chinese-speaking elders (n 484), Hong Kong SAR, China
| NWQ-CS – walking within the neighbourhood | IPAQ-LC – walking in all locations | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Weekly minutes | Frequency | Weekly minutes | |||||
| Perceived neighbourhood attribute | exp(β) | 95 % CI | exp(β) | 95 % CI | exp(β) | 95 % CI | exp(β) | 95 % CI |
| Residential density | 1·000 | 0·999, 1·001 | 1·000 | 1·000, 1·001 | 1·000 | 1·000, 1·000 | 1·001* | 1·000, 1·001 |
| Land-use mix – diversity | 1·34*** | 1·15, 1·55 | 1·30** | 1·10, 1·54 | 1·05*** | 1·02, 1·07 | 1·21** | 1·06, 1·38 |
| Land-use mix – access to shops | 1·24* | 1·05, 1·46 | 1·25*** | 1·10, 1·42 | 1·05** | 1·02, 1·09 | 1·05 | 0·90, 1·21 |
| Access to public transport | 1·21 | 0·94, 1·57 | 0·99 | 0·73, 1·34 | 1·10** | 1·04, 1·17 | 1·25* | 1·00, 1·57 |
| Street connectivity | 1·04 | 0·83, 1·30 | 0·92 | 0·75, 1·14 | 1·02 | 0·98, 1·07 | 0·98 | 0·88, 1·09 |
| Physical barriers to walking | 1·16* | 1·01, 1·33 | 1·16 | 0·92, 1·45 | 1·00 | 0·97, 1·03 | 0·93 | 0·75, 1·14 |
| Infrastructure for walking | 1·38* | 1·07, 1·77 | 1·38** | 1·11, 1·72 | 1·12** | 1·04, 1·20 | 1·29 | 0·84, 1·96 |
| Indoor places for walking | 1·00 | 0·88, 1·14 | 0·98 | 0·85, 1·12 | 1·03 | 1·00, 1·05 | 1·03 | 0·92, 1·15 |
| Presence of people | 1·16 | 0·97, 1·39 | 0·99 | 0·81, 1·20 | 1·03 | 0·98, 1·07 | 1·10 | 0·93, 1·31 |
| Crowdedness | 1·16* | 1·02, 1·31 | 1·23* | 1·04, 1·44 | 1·00 | 0·98, 1·03 | 1·11* | 1·01, 1·21 |
| Traffic and road hazards | 1·22* | 1·04, 1·42 | 1·26** | 1·06, 1·50 | 1·00 | 0·97, 1·03 | 1·09 | 0·97, 1·22 |
| Crime | 0·85 | 0·73, 1·00 | 1·21 | 1·00, 1·47 | 0·97 | 0·93, 1·01 | 0·97 | 0·85, 1·12 |
| Easy access of residential entrance | 1·43*** | 1·30, 1·57 | 1·41** | 1·14, 1·74 | 1·05*** | 1·02, 1·09 | 1·14*** | 1·06, 1·22 |
| Sitting facilities | 1·28*** | 1·18, 1·39 | 1·22*** | 1·11, 1·34 | 1·03** | 1·01, 1·05 | 1·10** | 1·02, 1·18 |
NWQ-CS, Neighbourhood Walking Questionnaire – Chinese version for Seniors; IPAQ-LC, Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Long Form; exp(β), antilogarithm of regression coefficient; 95 % CI, antilogarithms of the 95 % CI of the regression coefficient.
The antilogarithms of the regression coefficients represent the proportional increase (if exp(β) > 1·00) or decrease (if exp(β) < 1·00) in average weekly minutes or frequency of transport-related walking associated with a unit increase in a perceived environmental attribute.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0.001.