Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of derivation cohort of patients with positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, covid-19 related death, and hospital admission for covid-19
| Characteristic | Total population | SARS-CoV-2 positive test result | Covid-19 related death | Hospital admission for covid-19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No of patients | 9 526 580 | 1 297 922 | 3878 | 18 756 |
| Men | 4 776 225 (50.14) | 555 918 (42.83) | 2026 (52.24) | 7708 (41.10) |
| Mean (SD) age (years) | 47.22 (18.57) | 42.39 (16.44) | 80.93 (12.29) | 55.63 (22.13) |
| Ethnic group: | ||||
| White | 6 071 398 (63.73) | 883 218 (68.05) | 2944 (75.92) | 12913 (68.85) |
| Indian | 302 042 (3.17) | 35 493 (2.73) | 49 (1.26) | 411 (2.19) |
| Pakistani | 183 637 (1.93) | 16 780 (1.29) | 40 (1.03) | 405 (2.16) |
| Bangladeshi | 120 383 (1.26) | 11 411 (0.88) | 28 (0.72) | 253 (1.35) |
| Other Asian | 194 823 (2.05) | 23 926 (1.84) | 34 (0.88) | 336 (1.79) |
| Black Caribbean | 104 802 (1.10) | 12 256 (0.94) | 64 (1.65) | 378 (2.02) |
| Black African | 250 975 (2.63) | 25 970 (2.00) | 36 (0.93) | 531 (2.83) |
| Chinese | 110 390 (1.16) | 8824 (0.68) | 9 (0.23) | 70 (0.37) |
| Other ethnic group | 403 014 (4.23) | 51 419 (3.96) | 47 (1.21) | 759 (4.05) |
| Ethnic group not recorded | 1 785 116 (18.74) | 228 625 (17.61) | 627 (16.17) | 2700 (14.40) |
| Townsend material deprivation score (five groups): | ||||
| 1 (most affluent) | 2 241 175 (23.53) | 313 128 (24.13) | 987 (25.45) | 3827 (20.40) |
| 2 | 2 030 972 (21.32) | 289 819 (22.33) | 888 (22.90) | 3764 (20.07) |
| 3 | 1 850 166 (19.42) | 260 461 (20.07) | 785 (20.24) | 3863 (20.60) |
| 4 | 1 682 062 (17.66) | 220 973 (17.03) | 689 (17.77) | 3715 (19.81) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 1 603 423 (16.83) | 192 601 (14.84) | 506 (13.05) | 3358 (17.90) |
| 6 (not recorded) | 118 782 (1.25) | 20 940 (1.61) | 23 (0.59) | 229 (1.22) |
| Residence: | ||||
| Not care home or homeless | 9 436 601 (99.06) | 1 279 698 (98.60) | 2997 (77.28) | 17803 (94.92) |
| Care home | 70424 (0.74) | 16703 (1.29) | 876 (22.59) | 873 (4.65) |
| Homeless | 19555 (0.21) | 1521 (0.12) | 5 (0.13) | 80 (0.43) |
| Body mass index: | ||||
| <18.5 | 239 052 (2.51) | 32 788 (2.53) | 287 (7.40) | 570 (3.04) |
| 18.5-24.99 | 2 770 605 (29.08) | 398 814 (30.73) | 1251 (32.26) | 5083 (27.10) |
| 25-29.99 | 2 339 194 (24.55) | 31 1541 (24.00) | 942 (24.29) | 4736 (25.25) |
| 30-34.99 | 1 096 337 (11.51) | 146 966 (11.32) | 470 (12.12) | 2682 (14.30) |
| 35-39.99 | 425 986 (4.47) | 60 829 (4.69) | 156 (4.02) | 1223 (6.52) |
| ³40 | 224 232 (2.35) | 33 922 (2.61) | 82 (2.11) | 729 (3.89) |
| Not recorded | 2 431 174 (25.52) | 313 062 (24.12) | 690 (17.79) | 3733 (19.90) |
| Chronic kidney disease: | ||||
| No chronic kidney disease | 9 166 042 (96.22) | 1 267 768 (97.68) | 2557 (65.94) | 16 082 (85.74) |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 5 only | 10 386 (0.11) | 1384 (0.11) | 67 (1.73) | 238 (1.27) |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 5 with dialysis | 3178 (0.03) | 484 (0.04) | 10 (0.26) | 49 (0.26) |
| Chronic kidney disease stage 5 with transplantation | 5391 (0.06) | 1123 (0.09) | 26 (0.67) | 251 (1.34) |
| Learning disability: | ||||
| No | 9 353 294 (98.18) | 1 275 513 (98.27) | 3773 (97.29) | 18 189 (96.98) |
| Yes | 169 009 (1.77) | 21 745 (1.68) | 102 (2.63) | 529 (2.82) |
| Down’s syndrome | 4277 (0.04) | 664 (0.05) | * | 38 (0.20) |
| Chemotherapy in past 12 months: | ||||
| None | 9 490 847 (99.62) | 1 293 639 (99.67) | 3633 (93.68) | 18 205 (97.06) |
| Grade A | 16 515 (0.17) | 1683 (0.13) | 76 (1.96) | 169 (0.90) |
| Grade B | 18 150 (0.19) | 2445 (0.19) | 155 (4.00) | 356 (1.90) |
| Grade C | 1068 (0.01) | 155 (0.01) | 14 (0.36) | 26 (0.14) |
| Diabetes status: | ||||
| No type 1 diabetes | 9 480 133 (99.51) | 1 290 601 (99.44) | 3855 (99.41) | 18 491 (98.59) |
| Type 1 HbA £59 mmol/mol | 13 894 (0.15) | 2354 (0.18) | 5 (0.13) | 83 (0.44) |
| Type 1 HbA1C >59 mmol/mol | 27 110 (0.28) | 4136 (0.32) | 14 (0.36) | 149 (0.79) |
| Type 1 HbA1C not recorded | 5443 (0.06) | 831 (0.06) | * | 33 (0.18) |
| No type 2 diabetes | 8 901 793 (93.44) | 1 241 431 (95.65) | 2814 (72.56) | 15 849 (84.50) |
| Type 2 HbA £59 mmol/mol | 349 984 (3.67) | 31 490 (2.43) | 639 (16.48) | 1578 (8.41) |
| Type 2 HbA1C >59 mmol/mol | 202 963 (2.13) | 18 246 (1.41) | 288 (7.43) | 929 (4.95) |
| Type 2 HbA1C not recorded | 71 840 (0.75) | 6755 (0.52) | 137 (3.53) | 400 (2.13) |
| No of covid-19 vaccine doses: | ||||
| 0 | 1 719 164 (18.05) | 145 887 (11.24) | 413 (10.65) | 3720 (19.83) |
| 1 | 279 909 (2.94) | 44 125 (3.40) | 110 (2.84) | 803 (4.28) |
| 2 | 1 519 472 (15.95) | 363 949 (28.04) | 670 (17.28) | 3832 (20.43) |
| 3 | 5 194 720 (54.53) | 737 212 (56.80) | 2617 (67.48) | 9861 (52.58) |
| ≥4 | 813 315 (8.54) | 6749 (0.52) | 68 (1.75) | 540 (2.88) |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection before study entry | 1 322 848 (13.89) | 145 587 (11.22) | 177 (4.56) | 1384 (7.38) |
| Blood cancer | 72 167 (0.76) | 8389 (0.65) | 261 (6.73) | 741 (3.95) |
| Bone marrow transplantation in past six months | 332 (0.00) | 44 (0.00) | * | 11 (0.06) |
| Respiratory cancer | 20 163 (0.21) | 1743 (0.13) | 101 (2.60) | 167 (0.89) |
| Radiotherapy in past six months | 11 890 (0.12) | 1441 (0.11) | 81 (2.09) | 144 (0.77) |
| Solid organ transplantation | 2104 (0.02) | 358 (0.03) | 10 (0.26) | 62 (0.33) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 209 519 (2.20) | 17 070 (1.32) | 683 (17.61) | 1529 (8.15) |
| Asthma | 1 292 225 (13.56) | 210 812 (16.24) | 567 (14.62) | 3655 (19.49) |
| Rare pulmonary conditions | 51 203 (0.54) | 5374 (0.41) | 139 (3.58) | 364 (1.94) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 8356 (0.09) | 753 (0.06) | 36 (0.93) | 83 (0.44) |
| Coronary heart disease | 325 875 (3.42) | 28 443 (2.19) | 935 (24.11) | 1962 (10.46) |
| Stroke | 201 933 (2.12) | 18 250 (1.41) | 703 (18.13) | 1432 (7.63) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 228 054 (2.39) | 20 448 (1.58) | 879 (22.67) | 1551 (8.27) |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 119 691 (1.26) | 10 588 (0.82) | 628 (16.19) | 1096 (5.84) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 183 548 (1.93) | 20 313 (1.57) | 434 (11.19) | 1150 (6.13) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 65 488 (0.69) | 4885 (0.38) | 243 (6.27) | 461 (2.46) |
| Congenital heart disease | 44 255 (0.46) | 7137 (0.55) | 19 (0.49) | 146 (0.78) |
| Dementia | 99 967 (1.05) | 15 272 (1.18) | 1114 (28.73) | 1400 (7.46) |
| Parkinson’s disease | 22 804 (0.24) | 2248 (0.17) | 140 (3.61) | 185 (0.99) |
| Epilepsy | 124 836 (1.31) | 16 878 (1.30) | 116 (2.99) | 537 (2.86) |
| Rare neurological conditions | 28 958 (0.30) | 4074 (0.31) | 35 (0.90) | 402 (2.14) |
| Cerebral palsy | 10 915 (0.11) | 1438 (0.11) | * | 43 (0.23) |
| Osteoporotic fracture | 373 642 (3.92) | 47 758 (3.68) | 695 (17.92) | 1429 (7.62) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus | 238 262 (2.50) | 27 153 (2.09) | 335 (8.64) | 1206 (6.43) |
| Cirrhosis | 21 588 (0.23) | 2145 (0.17) | 68 (1.75) | 226 (1.20) |
| Bipolar disorder or schizophrenia | 108 993 (1.14) | 12 527 (0.97) | 75 (1.93) | 427 (2.28) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 90 015 (0.94) | 13 643 (1.05) | 70 (1.81) | 519 (2.77) |
| Sickle cell disease, HIV, or severe combined immunodeficiency | 26 579 (0.28) | 3760 (0.29) | 23 (0.59) | 166 (0.89) |
Data are number (%) of participants unless stated otherwise. SD=standard deviation; HbA=haemoglobin A; HbA1C=haemoglobin A1C.
Ethnic groups based on categories in the 2021 census of England and Wales (www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/ethnic-groups).
*
Cells with counts <5 suppressed.