Table 6.

Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for cardiometabolic risk factors according to serum 25(OH)D concentration among Korean adolescents (n 1504) aged 12–18 years, KNHANES 2008–2009

	Serum 25(OH)D ≤ 50 nmol/l
Components of metabolic syndrome	OR	95 % CI	P value*
Abdominal obesity
Model 1†	2·13	1·23, 3·67	0·007
Model 2‡	2·10	1·24, 3·55	0·006
Model 3§	2·05	1·20, 3·49	0·008
High blood pressure
Model 1†	1·16	0·84, 1·60	0·367
Model 1a∥	1·11	0·80, 1·54	0·525
Model 2a¶	1·08	0·77, 1·50	0·660
Model 3a**	1·07	0·77, 1·50	0·673
Hyperglycaemia
Model 1†	0·98	0·54, 1·76	0·933
Model 1a∥	0·89	0·49, 1·62	0·696
Model 2a¶	0·95	0·53, 1·72	0·866
Model 3a**	0·95	0·52, 1·72	0·865
Low HDL-C
Model 1†	1·07	0·70, 1·66	0·750
Model 1a∥	0·94	0·60, 1·46	0·774
Model 2a¶	0·85	0·54, 1·34	0·485
Model 3a**	0·85	0·54, 1·34	0·474
Hypertriacylglycerolaemia
Model 1†	1·08	0·78, 1·48	0·648
Model 1a∥	0·96	0·70, 1·32	0·807
Model 2a¶	0·93	0·67, 1·23	0·655
Model 3a**	0·93	0·68, 1·29	0·671
Overweight or obesity
Model 1†	1·52	1·04, 2·22	0·030
Model 2‡	1·51	1·05, 2·19	0·028
Model 3§	1·49	1·03, 2·16	0·035

25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol.

Referent category was serum 25(OH)D > 50 nmol/l.

*P values were obtained by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses.

†Adjusted for age and gender.

‡Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus regular physical exercise and alcohol drinking.

§Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus use of multivitamin or mineral supplement.

∥Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus BMI.

¶Adjusted for variables in Model 1a plus regular physical exercise and alcohol drinking.

**Adjusted for variables in Model 2a plus use of multivitamin or mineral supplements.