Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of non-diabetic participants (n 949) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) by distribution of egg consumption
| Egg consumption (number consumed per week) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 | 1 to <3 | 3 to <5 | ≥5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mean or median | sd or IQR | Mean or median | sd or IQR | Mean or median | sd or IQR | Mean or median | sd or IQR | P value | |||||||||||||
| n (%) | 469 | 49·4 | 343 | 36·1 | 87 | 9·2 | 50 | 5·3 | |||||||||||||
| Age (years) | 54·7 | 8·4 | 55·2 | 8·5 | 53·4 | 8·8 | 53·9 | 8·7 | 0·3 | ||||||||||||
| Male (%) | 38·6 | 48·7 | 55·2 | 60·0 | <0·001 | ||||||||||||||||
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Caucasian | 42·4 | 43·4 | 31·0 | 16·0 | |||||||||||||||||
| African American | 33·9 | 17·5 | 17·2 | 16·0 | <0·001 | ||||||||||||||||
| Hispanic | 23·7 | 39·1 | 51·7 | 68·0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Education >high school (%) | 64·8 | 57·4 | 49·4 | 46·0 | 0·004 | ||||||||||||||||
| Annual income ⩾$US 40 000 (%) | 50·3 | 45·5 | 35·6 | 22·0 | <0·001 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 13·9 | 15·7 | 21·8 | 32·0 | 0·04 | ||||||||||||||||
| Current drinker (%) | 73·1 | 76·0 | 74·7 | 74·0 | 0·9 | ||||||||||||||||
| Energy expenditure (kJ/kg per d) | 157 | 147–174 | 163 | 150–184 | 167 | 150–192 | 162 | 149–204 | 0·0005 | ||||||||||||
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 36·5 | 38·8 | 50.6 | 46·0 | 0·07 | ||||||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27·9 | 5·2 | 28·4 | 5·4 | 29·6 | 7·0 | 30·8 | 6·8 | 0·0004 | ||||||||||||
| Waist:hip ratio | 0·84 | 0·081 | 0·87 | 0·085 | 0·89 | 0·089 | 0·91 | 0·082 | <0·0001 | ||||||||||||
| Energy intake (kJ/d) | 6694 | 2774 | 8431 | 3163 | 10 334 | 3724 | 11 602 | 3778 | <0·0001 | ||||||||||||
| Saturated fat intake (g/d) | 20·6 | 11·7 | 29·4 | 13·9 | 38·8 | 15·2 | 44·9 | 19·6 | <0·0001 | ||||||||||||
| Cholesterol intake (mg/d) | 184 | 92·4 | 311 | 109 | 497 | 121 | 751 | 211 | <0·0001 | ||||||||||||
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 12 | 8–17 | 13 | 9–19 | 15 | 9–23 | 18 | 13–27 | 0·0001 | ||||||||||||
| Insulin sensitivity (×10−4 l/μU·min) | 1·7 | 1·0–3·1 | 1·6 | 0·9–2·9 | 1·3 | 0·7–2·6 | 1·0 | 0·5–2·1 | 0·001 | ||||||||||||
| Acute insulin response (μU/ml) | 50·0 | 27·5–81·0 | 48·0 | 27·5–81·0 | 73·5 | 35·0–98·0 | 75·8 | 42·0–108 | 0·02 | ||||||||||||
| Metabolic clearance of insulin (l/min) | 5·5 | 4·1–7·1 | 5·1 | 3·8–7·0 | 4·6 | 3·5–6·5 | 4·2 | 3·1–5·9 | 0·0009 | ||||||||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 97 | 90–105 | 98 | 91–106 | 96 | 90–105 | 100 | 93–105 | 0·5 | ||||||||||||
| 2-h Post-load blood glucose (mmol/l) | 122 | 98–144 | 120 | 96–151 | 123 | 102–149 | 136 | 116–165 | 0·06 | ||||||||||||
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation, percentage, or median and interquartile range (IQR).
ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests and χ 2 tests were used to determine whether continuous and categorical variables differed across the distribution of egg consumption.