Table 3.
Estimated regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals) on the association between egg consumption and insulin metabolism and blood glucose among non-diabetic participants (n 949) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
| Egg consumption | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 to <3/week v. <1/week | 3 to <5/week v. <1/week | ≥5/week v. <1/week | |||||
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | P for linear trend | |
| Log SI | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0·04 | −0·12, 0·03 | −0·10 | −0·22, 0·02 | −0·30 | −0·46, −0·14 | <0·001 |
| Model 1 | −0·04 | −0·12, 0·03 | −0·08 | −0·21, 0·04 | −0·25 | −0·41, −0·10 | 0·003 |
| Model 2 | −0·05 | −0·12, 0·03 | −0·07 | −0·20, 0·05 | −0·27 | −0·43, −0·11 | 0·002 |
| Model 3 | −0·03 | −0·11, 0·05 | −0·03 | −0·16, 0·10 | −0·22 | −0·38, −0·05 | 0·05 |
| Log fasting insulin | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 0·09 | 0·00, 0·18 | 0·16 | 0·02, 0·30 | 0·45 | 0·27, 0·63 | <0·001 |
| Model 1 | 0·09 | 0·01, 0·18 | 0·13 | −0·01, 0·28 | 0·40 | 0·21, 0·58 | <0·001 |
| Model 2 | 0·09 | 0·00, 0·18 | 0·12 | −0·02, 0·27 | 0·42 | 0·24, 0·61 | <0·001 |
| Model 3 | 0·07 | −0·02, 0·16 | 0·08 | −0·07, 0·23 | 0·35 | 0·15, 0·54 | 0·002 |
| Log MCRI | |||||||
| Unadjusted | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·01 | −0·14 | −0·24, −0·03 | −0·24 | −0·37, −0·11 | <0·001 |
| Model 1 | −0·07 | −0·13, 0·00 | −0·13 | −0·23, −0·02 | −0·21 | −0·35, −0·08 | <0·001 |
| Model 2 | −0·07 | −0·14, −0·01 | −0·12 | −0·23, −0·02 | −0·24 | −0·38, −0·11 | <0·001 |
| Model 3 | −0·05 | −0·12, 0·01 | −0·09 | −0·20, 0·02 | −0·20 | −0·34, −0·06 | 0·005 |
| Log SI-adjusted AIR | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 0·00 | −0·10, 0·11 | 0·13 | −0·04, 0·30 | 0·11 | −0·11, 0·34 | 0·2 |
| Model 1 | 0·00 | −0·11, 0·10 | 0·07 | −0·11, 0·24 | 0·02 | −0·20, 0·24 | 0·6 |
| Model 2 | 0·00 | −0·10, 0·11 | 0·07 | −0·11, 0·24 | −0·07 | −0·23, 0·22 | 0·7 |
| Model 3 | 0·00 | −0·11, 0·11 | 0·06 | −0·12, 0·24 | −0·03 | −0·27, 0·20 | 0·9 |
| Fasting blood glucose | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 0·44 | −1·14, 2·02 | 0·77 | −1·83, 3·36 | 2·13 | −1·18, 5·43 | 0·2 |
| Model 1 | 0·79 | −0·78, 2·36 | 1·26 | −1·30, 3·83 | 2·62 | −0·67, 5·92 | 0·08 |
| Model 2 | 0·68 | −0·88, 2·24 | 0·85 | −1·72, 3·41 | 2·70 | −0·60, 5·99 | 0·1 |
| Model 3 | 0·50 | −1·11, 2·12 | 0·55 | −2·16, 3·25 | 2·10 | −1·40, 5·60 | 0·3 |
| 2-h Post-load blood glucose | |||||||
| Unadjusted | 1·26 | −3·47, 5·98 | 3·17 | −4·60, 10·94 | 14·37 | 4·47, 24·28 | 0·02 |
| Model 1 | 1·59 | −3·18, 6·36 | 4·98 | −2·83, 12·80 | 15·92 | 5·90, 25·93 | 0·005 |
| Model 2 | 1·75 | −2·99, 6·48 | 3·66 | −4·12, 11·44 | 16·46 | 6·48, 26·45 | 0·006 |
| Model 3 | 1·31 | −3·57, 6·20 | 3·12 | −5·05, 11·29 | 13·74 | 3·16, 24·32 | 0·04 |
SI, insulin sensitivity; MCRI, metabolic clearance of insulin; AIR, acute insulin response.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, study centre.
Model 2: Model 1 + education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, family history of diabetes.
Model 3: Model 2 + dietary factors (processed meats, fast foods, red meats, dairy products, fruits, whole grains, coffee and tea).
Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between egg consumption and each outcome measure.