Table 4.
Estimated regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals) on the association between egg consumption and insulin metabolism and blood glucose, adjusted for potential mediators, among non-diabetic participants (n 937 to 942) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)
| Egg consumption | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 to <3/week v. <1/week | 3 to <5/week v. <1/week | ≥5/week v. <1/week | |||||
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | P for linear trend | |
| Log SI | |||||||
| + energy | −0·02 | −0·10, 0·06 | −0·01 | −0·14, 0·12 | −0·19 | −0·36, −0·03 | 0·01 |
| + saturated fat | −0·02 | −0·10, 0·05 | −0·03 | −0·16, 0·10 | −0·22 | −0·39, −0·05 | 0·05 |
| + cholesterol | −0·04 | −0·13, 0·05 | −0·08 | −0·26, 0·10 | −0·31 | −0·61, −0·01 | 0·2 |
| + BMI | −0·09 | −0·07, 0·07 | 0·02 | −0·10, 0·14 | −0·09 | −0·24, 0·06 | 0·6 |
| + WHR | −0·04 | −0·11, 0·03 | −0·02 | −0·14, 0·10 | −0·16 | −0·31, −0·00 | 0·04 |
| Log fasting insulin | |||||||
| + energy | 0·07 | −0·03, 0·17 | 0·05 | −0·10, 0·21 | 0·32 | 0·13, 0·52 | 0·007 |
| + saturated fat | 0·07 | −0·03, 0·16 | 0·06 | −0·09, 0·21 | 0·33 | 0·13, 0·53 | 0·005 |
| + cholesterol | 0·06 | −0·05, 0·16 | 0·03 | −0·17, 0·24 | 0·26 | −0·09, 0·60 | 0·3 |
| + BMI | 0·04 | −0·04, 0·12 | 0·00 | −0·14, 0·13 | 0·21 | 0·04, 0·38 | 0·08 |
| + WHR | 0·08 | 0·00, 0·16 | 0·05 | −0·09, 0·19 | 0·29 | 0·11, 0·47 | 0·005 |
| Log MCRI | |||||||
| + energy | −0·04 | −0·11, 0·02 | −0·07 | −0·18, 0·04 | −0·17 | −0·31, −0·03 | 0·02 |
| + saturated fat | −0·04 | −0·11, 0·02 | −0·07 | −0·18, 0·04 | −0·18 | −0·32, −0·04 | 0·02 |
| + cholesterol | −0·04 | −0·12, 0·03 | −0·06 | −0·21, 0·09 | −0·15 | −0·40, 0·11 | 0·3 |
| + BMI | −0·03 | −0·08, 0·03 | −0·03 | −0·12, 0·07 | −0·08 | −0·21, 0·04 | 0·2 |
| + WHR | −0·06 | −0·12, 0·00 | −0·07 | 0·17, 0·03 | −0·15 | 0·28, −0·02 | 0·01 |
| Log SI-adjusted AIR | |||||||
| + energy | 0·00 | −0·11, 0·11 | 0·06 | −0·13, 0·24 | −0·04 | −0·27, 0·20 | 0·9 |
| + saturated fat | 0·00 | −0·11, 0·11 | 0·05 | −0·14, 0·23 | −0·05 | −0·29, 0·19 | 1·0 |
| + cholesterol | 0·03 | −0·10, 0·15 | 0·13 | −0·12, 0·38 | 0·11 | −0·31, 0·53 | 0·4 |
| + BMI | 0·00 | −0·11, 0·10 | 0·06 | −0·12, 0·24 | −0·04 | −0·28, 0·19 | 1·0 |
| + WHR | 0·00 | −0·10, 0·11 | 0·07 | −0·12, 0·25 | −0·03 | −0·27, 0·20 | 0·9 |
| Fasting blood glucose | |||||||
| + energy | 0·35 | −1·26, 1·97 | 0·25 | −2·47, 2·97 | 1·75 | −1·77, 5·26 | 0·4 |
| + saturated fat | 0·40 | −1·22, 2·03 | 0·46 | −2·29, 3·20 | 2·00 | −1·54, 5·54 | 0·3 |
| + cholesterol | 0·02 | −1·83, 1·86 | −0·65 | −4·36, 3·06 | −0·27 | −6·49, 5·96 | 0·9 |
| + BMI | 0·17 | −1·36, 1·71 | −0·48 | −3·06, 2·11 | 0·37 | −2·96, 3·71 | 1·0 |
| + WHR | 0·58 | −1·00, 2·15 | 0·21 | −2·44, 2·86 | 1·39 | −2·03, 4·80 | 0·4 |
| 2-h Post-load blood glucose | |||||||
| + energy | 1·21 | −3·70, 6·11 | 2·64 | −5·60, 10·88 | 13·19 | 2·53, 23·85 | 0·05 |
| + saturated fat | 1·67 | −3·25, 6·59 | 4·18 | −4·12, 12·49 | 14·99 | 4·27, 25·70 | 0·02 |
| + cholesterol | 0·96 | −4·63, 6·55 | 2·11 | −9·13, 13·35 | 11·64 | −7·21, 30·50 | 0·6 |
| + BMI | 0·09 | −4·57, 4·74 | 0·48 | −7·37, 8·32 | 8·77 | −1·35, 18·89 | 0·3 |
| + WHR | 1·62 | −3·03, 6·27 | 2·05 | −5·77, 9·87 | 10·91 | 0·83, 20·99 | 0·03 |
SI, insulin sensitivity; HR, waist:hip ratio; MCRI, metabolic clearance of insulin; AIR, acute insulin response.
Base model adjusted age, sex, ethnicity, study centre, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, family history of diabetes and dietary factors; each row represents the addition to this model of the individual variable indicated.
Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between egg consumption and each outcome measure.