Table 5.

Sobel–Goodman mediation analysis for the association of egg consumption with insulin sensitivity and clearance among non-diabetic participants (n 937 to 942) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS)

Potential mediator	Outcome	Proportion of total effect that is mediated (%)	P value
Dietary cholesterol	SI	47	0·02
	Fasting insulin	75	0·004
	MCRI	61	<0·001
BMI	SI	54	<0·001
	Fasting insulin	42	<0·001
	MCRI	53	<0·001

S_I, insulin sensitivity; MCRI, metabolic clearance of insulin.

Sobel–Goodman mediation tests were used to determine whether dietary cholesterol or BMI mediates the association of egg consumption with insulin sensitivity and clearance.